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                  <text>(ADK) Anorthosite-Charnockite and Metamorphic Suite --&#13;
 Adirondack Mountains, New York</text>
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                  <text>The Adirondack Mountains of northern New York State are underlain by approximately 20,000 square miles of complexly deformed, high grade metamorphic rocks which are believed to represent a southern outlier of the much larger Grenville Province.The Adirondacks can be divided into the "Lowlands" and the "Highlands" . The Lowlands comprise the northwestern quarter of the belt and are characterized by amphibolite facies metamorphism. The Highlands appear to consist entirely of granulite facies rocks.  All rocks in this suite have been collected from the Highlands and predominantly from the southern quarter of the Adirondacks.  &#13;
&#13;
This suite of rocks is designed to be representative of the Highlands in general. Therefore it includes both metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks.  The latter are very common throughout the Adirondacks and contain the often-discussed anorthosite-charnockite suite of rocks. Almost all rocks in the Adirondack Highlands are strongly foliated. This is the result of intense polyphase deformation that has affected this area.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start here:Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;McLelland, J., and Selleck, B.W.,2011,Â Megacrystic Gore Mountain-type garnets in the Adirondack Highlands; age, origin, and tectonic implications:Geosphere, v.7, no. 5, p.1194-1208, doi:Â &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00683.1" target="_blank"&gt;10.1130/GES00683.1&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes the formation of the megacrystic garnet amphibolites in the Gore Mountain section of the Adirondack Mountains. The authors conclude that three main factors influenced the garnet development: collapse of the Ottawan orogeny, intrusion of Lyon Mountain Granite, and fluid-related alteration at high temperature.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional resources:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;McLelland, J.M., Bickford, M.E., Hill, B.M., Clechenko, C.C., Valley, J.W., and Hamilton, M.A., 2004,Â Direct dating of Adirondack Massif anorthosite by U-Pb SHRIMP analysis of igneous zircon; implications for AMCG complexes:Â Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.116, no. 11-12, p.1299-1317, doi:Â &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25482.1" target="_blank"&gt;10.1130/B25482.1&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes techniques used to more accurately date the Adirondack Massif anorthosite.The authors concluded that the massifsÂ &lt;span&gt;constitute a single, composite anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite (AMCG) suite intruded at ca. 1155 Ma. Although the rock suite is considered to be coeval, the authors conclude the rocks are not comagmatic.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;McLelland, J., Bickford, M.E., Spear, F., and Storm, L., 2002, Geology and geochronolgy of the eastern Adirondacks inÂ &lt;span&gt;New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference, 94th, New York State Geological Association 74th: guidebook for field trips in New York and Vermont : Lake George, New York&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This field trip guide provides for nine stops in the eastern Adirondacks. It also include some thin sections images and zircon images from sample rocks of the field trip stops.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;McLelland, J., Daly, J.S., and McLelland, J.M., 1996,Â The Grenville orogenic cycle (ca. 1350-1000 Ma); an Adirondack perspective: Tectonophysics, v.265, issue 1-2, p.1-28, doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00144-8" target="_blank"&gt;10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00144-8&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides a detailed geochronological account of the Grenville orogeny (ca. 1350-1000 Ma) with emphasis on the impact it had on the formation of the Adirondack Mountains.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;McLelland, J., Lewis, A., and Moore, L., 1994,Â Composition and petrogenesis of oxide-, apatite-rich gabbronorites associated with Proterozoic anorthosite massifs: examples from the Adirondack Mountains, New York: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v.116, p.225-238, doi:Â &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310702" target="_blank"&gt;10.1007/BF00310702&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article investigates the occurence of oxide-, apatite-rich gabbronorites with anorthosite massifs of the Adirondacks. The authors describe a multilple-step process of plagioclase crystal fractionation that ultimately leads to high concentrations of P, Fe, and Ti.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;New York State Geological Survey&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/nysgs/nygeology/mineralogy/adirondacks/index.html"&gt;http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/nysgs/nygeology/mineralogy/adirondacks/index.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;The NYS Geological Survey is a division of the New York State Museum system. This web page provides some details about the Adirondack Highlands and pictures of various minerals found in this region.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Regan, S.P., Chiarenzelli, J.R., McLelland,Â J.M., and Cousens, B. L., 2011,Â Evidence for an enriched asthenospheric source for coronitic metagabbros in the Adirondack Highlands: Geosphere, v.7, issue 3, p.&lt;span&gt;Â 694-709, doi:Â &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00629.1" target="_blank"&gt;10.1130/GES00629.1&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes the formation of coronitc metagabbros through tectonic processes involving the asthenosphere. Through geochemical and isotopic analyses, the authors provide a timeline of tectonic and petrologic events that supports an asthenospheric source for coronitic metagabbros.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                  <text>1980</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="17815">
                  <text>The Adirondack Mountains were formed approximately 1.1- 1.3 billion years ago during the Grenville Orogeny (Precambrian eon, Proterozic era).</text>
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                  <text>Purchased from Western Minerals Inc. </text>
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                  <text>This rock suite was collected from the Adirondack Mountains located in the northeastern part of New York State.</text>
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                <text>AD-19</text>
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                <text>Two Pyroxene-spinel metagabbro</text>
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                <text>Adirondack Highlands-collected from the first high hill just southwest of the intersection of NY Route 30 and Benson Rd., approximately 2 miles northwest of Northville, NY.</text>
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                <text>Precambrian</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/7"&gt;Anorthosite-Charnockite and Metamorphic Suite-Adirondack Mountns, New York&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>The locality near Northville, NY represents the only example of this assemblage that has been encountered to date (1980) in the Adirondacks. The original lithology is that of a typical olivine metagabbro. During granulite facies metamorphism, reactions produced coronas consisting of orthopyroxene rims on olivine and spinel-clinopyroxene symplectites. Amphibole-spinel coronas also occur. These assemblages appear to represent lower pressure conditions than prevailed during the formation of the garnet-bearing assemblages represented by AD-16.&#13;
 &#13;
The following information is from the original OCR document: The mineralogy and textural features of these metagabbros are discussed in McLelland and Whitney, 1980, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v.72, p.111, specimen 17 and Whitney and McLelland, "Origin of Coronas in Olivine Metagabbros of the Adirondack Mountains, NY," 1973, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 39, p.81-98. The specimen you receive may be somewhat smaller than the regular specimens. Dr. James McLelland collected this material especially for this suite-and in 100Â° temperature. Thank you, Jim.&#13;
&#13;
Thin section shows augite, spinel and plagioclase.</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
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                  <text>(NH) Plutonic Magma Series -- Southwestern New Hampshire</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="17778">
                  <text>A sampling of the four plutonic stages of the New Hampshire series. This encompasses the Bethlehem Gneiss, the Kinsman Quartz Monzonite, the Spaulding Quartz Diorite and the Concord Granite.  The rocks cover the Mascoma, Sunapee, Mt. Kearsarge, Penacook, Hillsboro, and Concord Quadrangles.  The ages of the series range from 359-411 Ma.</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
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                  <text>Western Minerals Inc.</text>
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                  <text>Purchased from Western Minerals Inc.</text>
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            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="17971">
                  <text>August 1979</text>
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              <name>Spatial Coverage</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="17972">
                  <text>Southwestern New Hampshire: Mascoma, Sunapee, Mt. Kearsarge, Penacook, Hillsboro, and Concord Quadrangles</text>
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              <name>Temporal Coverage</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="17973">
                  <text>359-411 Ma</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="109">
              <name>References</name>
              <description>A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="17974">
                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Dorais, M.J., 2003, The petrogenesis and emplacement of the New Hampshire Plutonic Suite: American Journal of Science, v. 303, pp. 447-487,Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This paper describes the formation of each of the four series in the New Hampshire magma series.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Clark, R.G., and Lyons, J.B., 1986, Petrogenesis of the Kinsman intrusive suite; peraluminous granitiods of western New Hampshire: Journal of Petrology, v. 27, pp. 1365-1393&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This paper describes the formation of the Kinsman Quartz Monzonite in detail.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Duke, E.F., 1978, Petrology of Spaulding Group tonalites from Penacook Quadrangle, New Hampshire [Ph.D. Thesis], Dartmouth College, 117 p.Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This thesis details the emplacement, formation, and petrology of the Spaulding Quartz Diorite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Lathrop, A.S., Blum, J.D., and Chamberlain, C.P., 1996, Nd, Sr and O isotopic study of the petrogeneseis of two syntectonic members of the New Hampshire plutonic series: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 124, pp. 126-138.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This paper describes the elemental and isotopic analyses of the New Hampshire magma series in order to better understand the petrogenesis of the suite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Lyons, J.B., and Livingston, D.E., 1977, Rb-Sr age of the New Hampshire Plutonic Series: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 88, pp. 1808-1812&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This paper uses Rb-Sr isotopic analyses in order to age date the four different members of the New Hampshire magma series.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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              <elementText elementTextId="15750">
                <text>Western Minerals Inc.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15751">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/11"&gt;New Hampshire Magma Series&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15753">
                <text>Mt. Kearsarge Quad., on SW exit access road leading to Highway 11E.</text>
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                <text>Devonian</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="18022">
                <text>Relatively coarse facies from the Concord Granite.  Thin section contains plagioclase, potassium feldspar, quartz, muscovite, and biotite.  Hand sample is a coarse-grained granite with quartz, feldspars, and micas.</text>
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                <text>Two-pyroxene syenite</text>
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SE Crawford Notch quadrant map, NH</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/53c413d54ead7c05b0db1bd214fc9f41.pdf"&gt;WMB Rock Suite&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>This rock type is considered to be the most mafic of all units found in the entire White Mountain Batholith.</text>
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                <text>Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc.</text>
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                  <text>(ADK) Anorthosite-Charnockite and Metamorphic Suite --&#13;
 Adirondack Mountains, New York</text>
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                  <text>The Adirondack Mountains of northern New York State are underlain by approximately 20,000 square miles of complexly deformed, high grade metamorphic rocks which are believed to represent a southern outlier of the much larger Grenville Province.The Adirondacks can be divided into the "Lowlands" and the "Highlands" . The Lowlands comprise the northwestern quarter of the belt and are characterized by amphibolite facies metamorphism. The Highlands appear to consist entirely of granulite facies rocks.  All rocks in this suite have been collected from the Highlands and predominantly from the southern quarter of the Adirondacks.  &#13;
&#13;
This suite of rocks is designed to be representative of the Highlands in general. Therefore it includes both metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks.  The latter are very common throughout the Adirondacks and contain the often-discussed anorthosite-charnockite suite of rocks. Almost all rocks in the Adirondack Highlands are strongly foliated. This is the result of intense polyphase deformation that has affected this area.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start here:Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;McLelland, J., and Selleck, B.W.,2011,Â Megacrystic Gore Mountain-type garnets in the Adirondack Highlands; age, origin, and tectonic implications:Geosphere, v.7, no. 5, p.1194-1208, doi:Â &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00683.1" target="_blank"&gt;10.1130/GES00683.1&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes the formation of the megacrystic garnet amphibolites in the Gore Mountain section of the Adirondack Mountains. The authors conclude that three main factors influenced the garnet development: collapse of the Ottawan orogeny, intrusion of Lyon Mountain Granite, and fluid-related alteration at high temperature.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional resources:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;McLelland, J.M., Bickford, M.E., Hill, B.M., Clechenko, C.C., Valley, J.W., and Hamilton, M.A., 2004,Â Direct dating of Adirondack Massif anorthosite by U-Pb SHRIMP analysis of igneous zircon; implications for AMCG complexes:Â Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.116, no. 11-12, p.1299-1317, doi:Â &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25482.1" target="_blank"&gt;10.1130/B25482.1&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes techniques used to more accurately date the Adirondack Massif anorthosite.The authors concluded that the massifsÂ &lt;span&gt;constitute a single, composite anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite (AMCG) suite intruded at ca. 1155 Ma. Although the rock suite is considered to be coeval, the authors conclude the rocks are not comagmatic.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;McLelland, J., Bickford, M.E., Spear, F., and Storm, L., 2002, Geology and geochronolgy of the eastern Adirondacks inÂ &lt;span&gt;New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference, 94th, New York State Geological Association 74th: guidebook for field trips in New York and Vermont : Lake George, New York&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This field trip guide provides for nine stops in the eastern Adirondacks. It also include some thin sections images and zircon images from sample rocks of the field trip stops.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;McLelland, J., Daly, J.S., and McLelland, J.M., 1996,Â The Grenville orogenic cycle (ca. 1350-1000 Ma); an Adirondack perspective: Tectonophysics, v.265, issue 1-2, p.1-28, doi: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00144-8" target="_blank"&gt;10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00144-8&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article provides a detailed geochronological account of the Grenville orogeny (ca. 1350-1000 Ma) with emphasis on the impact it had on the formation of the Adirondack Mountains.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;McLelland, J., Lewis, A., and Moore, L., 1994,Â Composition and petrogenesis of oxide-, apatite-rich gabbronorites associated with Proterozoic anorthosite massifs: examples from the Adirondack Mountains, New York: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v.116, p.225-238, doi:Â &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310702" target="_blank"&gt;10.1007/BF00310702&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article investigates the occurence of oxide-, apatite-rich gabbronorites with anorthosite massifs of the Adirondacks. The authors describe a multilple-step process of plagioclase crystal fractionation that ultimately leads to high concentrations of P, Fe, and Ti.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;New York State Geological Survey&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/nysgs/nygeology/mineralogy/adirondacks/index.html"&gt;http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/nysgs/nygeology/mineralogy/adirondacks/index.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;The NYS Geological Survey is a division of the New York State Museum system. This web page provides some details about the Adirondack Highlands and pictures of various minerals found in this region.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Regan, S.P., Chiarenzelli, J.R., McLelland,Â J.M., and Cousens, B. L., 2011,Â Evidence for an enriched asthenospheric source for coronitic metagabbros in the Adirondack Highlands: Geosphere, v.7, issue 3, p.&lt;span&gt;Â 694-709, doi:Â &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00629.1" target="_blank"&gt;10.1130/GES00629.1&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article describes the formation of coronitc metagabbros through tectonic processes involving the asthenosphere. Through geochemical and isotopic analyses, the authors provide a timeline of tectonic and petrologic events that supports an asthenospheric source for coronitic metagabbros.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                  <text>The Adirondack Mountains were formed approximately 1.1- 1.3 billion years ago during the Grenville Orogeny (Precambrian eon, Proterozic era).</text>
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                  <text>Purchased from Western Minerals Inc. </text>
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                  <text>This rock suite was collected from the Adirondack Mountains located in the northeastern part of New York State.</text>
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                <text>Two-pyroxene-plagioclase granulite</text>
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                <text>Adirondack Highlands-collected on NY Route 30 from the west side of a  road cut just north of Pumpkin Hollow.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/7"&gt;Anorthosite-Charnockite and Metamorphic Suite-Adirondack Mountains, New York&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>The Sacandaga Formation consists of a well layered series of dark granulites (AD-12) and leucogneisses (AD-13). Orthopyroxene is generally present in greater quantity than clinopyroxene. It is not known whether these rocks are metasedimentary or metaigneous. They are strongly foliated.&#13;
Thin section shows plagioclase (one with perthitic texture), orthopyroxene and quartz.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mitchell, R.H., 2014, Primary and secondary niobium mineral deposits associated with carbonatites:Â Ore Geology Reviews,Â v. 64, p.Â 626-641,Â doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.03.010. &lt;a title="Full Article." href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.03.010"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Focuses specifically on the formation of niobium in carbonatites but includes an excellent baseline description of carbonatites.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Nash, W.P., 1972, Mineralogy and Petrology of the Iron HillÂ &lt;span class="search-result-highlight"&gt;Carbonatite&lt;/span&gt;Â Complex, Colorado: Geological Society of America Bulletin, &lt;span class="cit-vol"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-before-article-vol"&gt;v.Â &lt;/span&gt;83&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-after-article-vol"&gt;, p.Â &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-pages"&gt;&lt;span class="cit-first-page"&gt;1361&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-last-page"&gt;1382&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, doi:Â 10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[1361:MAPOTI]2.0.CO;2. &lt;a title="Full Article." href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83%5B1361:MAPOTI%5D2.0.CO;2"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Bulk rock chemistry description &amp;amp; maps/diagrams showing the location of rocks in the Powderhorn Carbonatite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Temple, R.K., Grogran, R.M.,Â &lt;span&gt;1965, C&lt;span&gt;arbonatite and related alkalic rocks at powder horn, Colorado:Â &lt;span&gt;Economic geology and the bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, v. 60, p.Â &lt;span&gt;672-692, doi:Â 10.2113/gsecongeo.60.4.672. &lt;a title="Full Article" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.60.4.672."&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Basic information regarding the structure, geochemistry, and petrogenesis of the Powderhorn Carbonatite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Van Gosen, B. S., Lowers, H. A., 2007, Iron Hill (Powderhorn)Â carbonatiteÂ complex, Gunnison County, CO; a potential source of several uncommon mineral resources: Mining Engineering, v. 59, p. 56-62, doi: N/AÂ &lt;a title="Abstract" href="http://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?articleID=1143&amp;amp;page=56"&gt;Abstract.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Mineral resource potential: titanium, iron, vermiculite, vanadium, and nephaline.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Olson, J.C., Hedland, D.C., &lt;span&gt;1981&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Alkalic rocks and resources of thorium and associated elements in the Powderhorn District, Gunnison County, Colorado&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;span&gt;USGS Numbered Series&lt;/span&gt;, Professional Paper , v. &lt;span&gt;1049, &lt;span&gt;p. C1-C34&lt;/span&gt;Â &lt;/span&gt;Â doi: N/A. &lt;a title="Full Article" href="http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1049c/report.pdf"&gt;Full Article.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Extensive report by the USGS regarding rock type and history of formation (geologic ages).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;Blakey, R.C., and Middleton, L.T., 2012, Geologic history and paleogeography of paleozoic and early mesozoic sedimentary rocks, eastern Grand Canyon, Arizona: Geologic Society of America Bulletin, v. 489, pp. 81-92, doi: &lt;a href="%20http%3A//dx.doi.org/10.1130/2012.2489(05)"&gt;10.1130/2012.2489(05)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2012.2489(05)%20" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This reference outlines the stratigraphy found in this suite. It specifically highlights the paleozoic era in which the samples represent.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Resources:Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Brown, E.H., Babcock, R.S., Clark, M.D., and Livingston, D.E., 1979,Â Geology of the older Precambrian rocks of the Grand Canyon Part I. Petrology and structure of the Vishnu Complex: Precambrian Research, v. 8, p. 219-241, doi:Â &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(79)90030-5%20"&gt;10.1016/0301-9268(79)90030-5Â &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Brown et al. begins this series of 3 articles outlining the geologic timescale and discusses the Vishnu complex and how it fits into the geologic timescale. It provides an explaination for several of the samples in this collection.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Brown, E.H., Babcock, R.S., Clark, M.D., and Livingston, D.E., 1979,Â Geology of the older Precambrian rocks of the Grand Canyon Part II. The Zoroaster Plutonic Complex and related rocks: Precambrian Research, v. 8, p. 243-275, doi&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;:Â &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(79)90031-7" target="_blank"&gt;10.1016/0301-9268(79)90031-7&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;In the second part of the article, the authors discuss the importance of the pluton and how it affected the formation of the stratigraphic profile of the grand canyon.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Clark, M.D., 1979,Â Geology of the older Precambrian rocks of the Grand Canyon. Part III. Petrology of mafic schists and amphibolites: Precambrian Research, v. 8, p. 277-302, doi&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;:Â &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(79)90032-9" target="_blank"&gt;10.1016/0301-9268(79)90032-9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;The final section of this discussion set provides insight into the mafic layers of the stratigraphic column.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Ilg, B.R., Karlstrom, K.E., Hawkins, D.P., and Williams, M.L., 1996,Â Tectonic evolution of Paleoproterozoic rocks in the Grand Canyon: Insights into middle-crustal processes:Â Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 108, p. 1149-1166, doi&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;:Â &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108" target="_blank"&gt;10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This is a general look into the formation of the stratigraphic layers. This article does a good job combining the above articles into one condensed summary.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20101">
                <text>Both thin section images were taken at a 400x magnification.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
