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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Ernst, W.G., 2015, Franciscan geologic history constrained by tectonic/olistostromal high-grade metamafic blocks in the iconic California Mesozoic-Cenozoic accretionary complex: American Mineralogist, v. 100, p. 6-13.Â &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2015-4850" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;doi:Â &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="slug-doi"&gt;10.2138/am-2015-4850&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This source supplies useful information on the low temperature, high pressure environment in which these rocks formed.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional resources:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Barnes, J., Eldam, R., Lee, C.T., Errico, J., Loewy, S., and Cisneros, M., 2013, Petrogenesis of serpentinites from the Franciscan Complex, western California, USA: Lithos, v. 178, p. 143-157.Â &lt;a class="S_C_ddDoi" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2012.12.018" target="_blank"&gt;doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2012.12.018&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Describes the petrogenesis of serpentine as seen in one of the items in the collection (Fr-4).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cooper, F., Platt, J., and Anczkiewicz, R., 2011, Constraints on early Franciscan subduction rates from 2-D thermal modeling: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 312, p. 69-79. doi:&lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.051"&gt;10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.051&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This paper suggests that the rate of subduction in this area may have been five times lower than previous studies have found.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ghatak, A., Basu, A., and Wakabayashi, J., 2013, Implications of Franciscan Complex graywacke geochemistry for sediment transport, provenance determination, burial-exposure duration, and fluid exchange with cosubducted metabasites: Tectonics, v. 32, p. 1480-1492. doi:Â &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tect.20078"&gt;10.1002/tect.20078&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article states that the europium anomalies of the greywacke samples suggest provenance from the Sierra Nevada batholith.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Langenheim, V., Jachens, R., Wentworth, C., and McLaughlin, R., 2013, Previously unrecognized regional structure of the Coastal Belt of the Franciscan Complex, northern California, revealed by magnetic data: Geosphere, v. 9, p. 1514-1529. doi:Â &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00942.1"&gt;10.1130/GES00942.1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;Using magnetic data, this article provides an overview of the regional structure of the Franciscan Complex.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class="cit-auth cit-auth-type-author"&gt;Lagabrielle, Y.,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-two-item-separator"&gt;Â and Cannat, M., 1990, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-title"&gt;Alpine Jurassic ophiolites resemble the modern central Atlantic basement: Geology, v. 18, p. 319-322&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Link:Â &lt;a href="http://geology.geoscienceworld.org/content/18/4/319.full.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;GeoScienceWorld&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This fairly short article gives some insight into the development of the North Apennine Ophiolites with a fairly recent view on the matter.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Additional Resources&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Garuti, G., and Zaccarini, F., 2005, Minerals of Au, Ag and U in Volcanic-Rock-Associated Massive Sulfide Deposits of the Northern Apennine Ophiolite, Italy: The Canadian Mineralogist, v. 43, p. 935-950&lt;br /&gt;DOI: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.43.3.935" target="_blank"&gt;10.2113/gscanmin.43.3.935&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article explores the elemental composition of the North Apennine Ophiolite sequence and uses that to determine previous geologic events.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., Scacchetti, M., and Bartoli, O., 2011, The Pb-rich sulfide veins in the Boccassuolo ophiolite: Implications for the geochemical evolution of the hydrothermal activity across the ocean-continent transition in the Ligurian Tethys (Northern-Apennine, Italy): Lithos, v. 124, p. 243-254&lt;br /&gt;DOI:Â &lt;a title="10.1016/j.lithos.2010.11.006" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2010.11.006" target="_blank"&gt;10.1016/j.lithos.2010.11.006&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article explores the chemical composition of the ophiolite sequence under a different name and ties it into the formation history.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Garzanti, E., Canclini, S., Foggia, F.M., and Petrella, N., 2002, Unraveling Magmatic and Orogenic Provenance in Modern Sand: The Back-Arc Side of the Apennine Thrust Belt, Italy: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 72, p. 2-17&lt;br /&gt;DOI:Â &lt;a title="10.1306/051801720002" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/051801720002" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;10.1306/051801720002&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article goes into great detail on the provenance characteristics for a number of sands. including sands originating from the North Apennine Ophiolite sequence.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Cibin, U., Spadafora, E., Zuffa, G.G., and Castellarin, A., 2001, Continental collision history from arenites of episutural basins in the Northern Apennines, Italy: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 113, p. 4-19&lt;br /&gt;Link: &lt;a title="GeoScienceWorld" href="http://bulletin.geoscienceworld.org/content/113/1/4.full.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;GeoScienceWorld&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article goes into detail about the deformations experienced by the North Apennine Ophiolites after the Eocene.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Ernst, W.G., 2015, Franciscan geologic history constrained by tectonic/olistostromal high-grade metamafic blocks in the iconic California Mesozoic-Cenozoic accretionary complex: American Mineralogist, v. 100, p. 6-13.Â &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2015-4850" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;doi:Â &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="slug-doi"&gt;10.2138/am-2015-4850&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This source supplies useful information on the low temperature, high pressure environment in which these rocks formed.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional resources:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Barnes, J., Eldam, R., Lee, C.T., Errico, J., Loewy, S., and Cisneros, M., 2013, Petrogenesis of serpentinites from the Franciscan Complex, western California, USA: Lithos, v. 178, p. 143-157.Â &lt;a class="S_C_ddDoi" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2012.12.018" target="_blank"&gt;doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2012.12.018&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Describes the petrogenesis of serpentine as seen in one of the items in the collection (Fr-4).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cooper, F., Platt, J., and Anczkiewicz, R., 2011, Constraints on early Franciscan subduction rates from 2-D thermal modeling: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 312, p. 69-79. doi:&lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.051"&gt;10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.051&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This paper suggests that the rate of subduction in this area may have been five times lower than previous studies have found.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ghatak, A., Basu, A., and Wakabayashi, J., 2013, Implications of Franciscan Complex graywacke geochemistry for sediment transport, provenance determination, burial-exposure duration, and fluid exchange with cosubducted metabasites: Tectonics, v. 32, p. 1480-1492. doi:Â &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tect.20078"&gt;10.1002/tect.20078&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article states that the europium anomalies of the greywacke samples suggest provenance from the Sierra Nevada batholith.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Langenheim, V., Jachens, R., Wentworth, C., and McLaughlin, R., 2013, Previously unrecognized regional structure of the Coastal Belt of the Franciscan Complex, northern California, revealed by magnetic data: Geosphere, v. 9, p. 1514-1529. doi:Â &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00942.1"&gt;10.1130/GES00942.1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;Using magnetic data, this article provides an overview of the regional structure of the Franciscan Complex.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                  <text>The suite consists of samples from an ophiolite suite that outcrops in 3 locations in the Apennine mountain range in northern Italy.Â  The units are severely imbricated and folded.Â  The units are Cretaceous-Eocene in age.Â  The units consist of ultramafic rock, gabbro and peridotite instrusions, and basaltic magmas.</text>
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                  <text>Northern Apennines, Liguria Region, Italy&lt;br /&gt;Samples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 15 are taken from the region around Bargone, Italy&lt;br /&gt;Samples 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21 are taken from the region around Sassello, Italy&lt;br /&gt;Sample 22 is taken from outside Genoa, Italy</text>
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                  <text>Purchased by Western Minerals, Inc.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class="cit-auth cit-auth-type-author"&gt;Lagabrielle, Y.,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-sep cit-sep-two-item-separator"&gt;Â and Cannat, M., 1990, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cit-title"&gt;Alpine Jurassic ophiolites resemble the modern central Atlantic basement: Geology, v. 18, p. 319-322&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Link:Â &lt;a href="http://geology.geoscienceworld.org/content/18/4/319.full.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;GeoScienceWorld&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This fairly short article gives some insight into the development of the North Apennine Ophiolites with a fairly recent view on the matter.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Additional Resources&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Garuti, G., and Zaccarini, F., 2005, Minerals of Au, Ag and U in Volcanic-Rock-Associated Massive Sulfide Deposits of the Northern Apennine Ophiolite, Italy: The Canadian Mineralogist, v. 43, p. 935-950&lt;br /&gt;DOI: &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.43.3.935" target="_blank"&gt;10.2113/gscanmin.43.3.935&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article explores the elemental composition of the North Apennine Ophiolite sequence and uses that to determine previous geologic events.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., Scacchetti, M., and Bartoli, O., 2011, The Pb-rich sulfide veins in the Boccassuolo ophiolite: Implications for the geochemical evolution of the hydrothermal activity across the ocean-continent transition in the Ligurian Tethys (Northern-Apennine, Italy): Lithos, v. 124, p. 243-254&lt;br /&gt;DOI:Â &lt;a title="10.1016/j.lithos.2010.11.006" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2010.11.006" target="_blank"&gt;10.1016/j.lithos.2010.11.006&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article explores the chemical composition of the ophiolite sequence under a different name and ties it into the formation history.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Garzanti, E., Canclini, S., Foggia, F.M., and Petrella, N., 2002, Unraveling Magmatic and Orogenic Provenance in Modern Sand: The Back-Arc Side of the Apennine Thrust Belt, Italy: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 72, p. 2-17&lt;br /&gt;DOI:Â &lt;a title="10.1306/051801720002" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/051801720002" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;10.1306/051801720002&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article goes into great detail on the provenance characteristics for a number of sands. including sands originating from the North Apennine Ophiolite sequence.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Cibin, U., Spadafora, E., Zuffa, G.G., and Castellarin, A., 2001, Continental collision history from arenites of episutural basins in the Northern Apennines, Italy: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 113, p. 4-19&lt;br /&gt;Link: &lt;a title="GeoScienceWorld" href="http://bulletin.geoscienceworld.org/content/113/1/4.full.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;GeoScienceWorld&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;This article goes into detail about the deformations experienced by the North Apennine Ophiolites after the Eocene.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/items/show/34"&gt;Northern Apennines Ophiolites Western Minerals Supplementary Information&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Kingdom: Animalia &lt;br /&gt; Phylum: Annelida &lt;br /&gt; Class: Polychaeta &lt;br /&gt; Order: Canalipalpata &lt;br /&gt; Family: Serpulidae &lt;br /&gt; Genus: &lt;br /&gt; Species: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</text>
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                  <text>(FM) Flysch Stratigraphic Suite -- Molasse Basin, Switzerland </text>
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                  <text>Flysch is dominantly a turbidite succession, alternating sandstone and shale 100mm to rarely 100m in syntectonic accumulations. With a rising landmass shedding clastic debris into "deep" troughs, oversteepening of sediments along the shelf or actual tilting of the shell initiated turbidity currents flows deeper into the marine basin. There may be hundreds of these units in a given section. Nappes then over rode the soft sediments, locally producing strong deformational structures in the flysch sediments.Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The nappes shed their debris into fresh marine environments in great fans with large accumulations of coarse conglomerates. A molasse section may be a thousand meters thick. Molasse comprises a clastic sedimentary succession in a post-tectonic environment. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Flysch and molasse both have sedimentatlogical as well as tectonic implications associated with their appearance in an outcrop. Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Trumpy at the Geological Institute in Zurich suggested specific localities for collecting and arranged for Dr. Hanspeter and Mr. Freeman to take me into the field on successive days. Later, Mr. Freeman spent several days in order to procure this suite. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A set of kodachrome slides is available and should be used with the specimens to put the rocks into relationships seen in the field. There are 11 slide specimens. All slide specimens were photographed in PPL and XPL.</text>
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                  <text>Western Minerals, inc.</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="17995">
                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Eynatten, H.V., 2003, Petrology and chemistry of sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin: an archive of the Oligocene to Miocene of the Central Alps: Sedimentology, v.50, p.703-724. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-1309.2003.00571.x"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-1309.2003.00571.x&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Fluvial sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin were analyzed for sandstone framework composition, heavy minerals, whole-rock geochemistry and detrital chrome spinel chemistry to understand its provenance.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional resources:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Schlunegger, F., Matter, A., Burbank, D.W., and Â Klaper, E.M., 1997, Magnetostratigraphic constraints on relationships between evolution of the central Swiss Molasse Basin and Alpine orogenic events: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.109, p.225-241. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)1092.3.CO;2%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)1092.3.CO;2 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Magnetostratigraphic chronologies, together with lithostratigraphic, sedimentological, and petrological data enable detailed reconstruction of the Oligocene to Miocene history of the North Alpine foreland basin in relation to specific orogenic events and exhumation of the Alps.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sinclair, H.D., 1997, Flysch to molasses transition in peripheral foreland basins; the role of the passive margin versus slab breakoff: Geology, v.25, p.1123-1126. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)0252.3.CO;2%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)0252.3.CO;2 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;It is proposed that slab breakoff may have been responsible for the increased sediment supply that resulted in the flysch to molasse transition in the North Alpine foreland basin, and that this provides an alternative to the passive margin model.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Spiegel, C., Siebel, W., Frisch, W., and Berner, Z., 2002, Nd and Sr isotopic ratios and trace element geochemistry of epidote from the Swiss Molasse Basin as provenance indicators; implications for the reconstruction of the echumation history of the Central Alps: Chemical Geology, v.189, p.231-250.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Uses a combination of events to explain the geodynamic scenario of large-scale lateral extension processes affecting the Central Alps in post-collisional times.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Willet, S.D. and Schlunegger, F., 2010, The last phase of deposition in the Swiss Molasse Basin; from foredeep to negative-alpha basin: Basin Research, v.22, p.623-639. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00435.x%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00435.x &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Simple analytical theory for the necessary conditions for such a negative-alpha basin to develop and be maintained.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Typical turbidite sequence rocks (predominantly clastics with some evidence of carbonate input) </text>
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                  <text>Molasse Basin, Sternenberg, Germany</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="18201">
                  <text>In the Late Eocene, the area subsided again and developed into the Molasse Basin. </text>
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              <name>Accrual Method</name>
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                  <text>Purchased by Western Minerals Inc.</text>
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            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="18203">
                  <text>Turbidite sequences and carbonate pulses of deposition in a basin.</text>
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            <element elementId="87">
              <name>Abstract</name>
              <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="18204">
                  <text>The collection consists of a variety of shale, sandstones and conglomerates that illustrate sediment trapped in a molasse basin. </text>
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              <name>Date</name>
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                  <text>Oct. 10, 2013</text>
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                  <text>FM 1-11</text>
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      <description>A physical material with a mineral composition.</description>
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          <description>Number of thin sections associated with this sample</description>
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                <text>Light grey to dark grey shale</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Organic rich to moderate black to light grey shale. Some parts of FM-4 are silty shale. Minor rust stains are present on lighter samples. Representative of upper portion of a turbidite sequence. &#13;
&#13;
Thin Section&#13;
Very fine (&lt;.1 mm) grains are present in this sample, along with staining bands. Note the fair sorting, this sample is better sorted than the others of this suite, but not as well sorted as a typical shale. &#13;
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13295">
                <text>Western Minerals, lnc.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13296">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/13"&gt;Flysch Molasse Suite&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>FM-4</text>
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          <element elementId="115">
            <name>Spatial Coverage</name>
            <description>Spatial characteristics of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="13298">
                <text>Alpnach, Germany</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="117">
            <name>Accrual Method</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13299">
                <text>Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc.</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="18274">
                <text>Oct., 11, 2013</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="116">
            <name>Temporal Coverage</name>
            <description>Temporal characteristics of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="18275">
                <text>Mesozoic </text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="17783">
                  <text>(FM) Flysch Stratigraphic Suite -- Molasse Basin, Switzerland </text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="17784">
                  <text>Flysch is dominantly a turbidite succession, alternating sandstone and shale 100mm to rarely 100m in syntectonic accumulations. With a rising landmass shedding clastic debris into "deep" troughs, oversteepening of sediments along the shelf or actual tilting of the shell initiated turbidity currents flows deeper into the marine basin. There may be hundreds of these units in a given section. Nappes then over rode the soft sediments, locally producing strong deformational structures in the flysch sediments.Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The nappes shed their debris into fresh marine environments in great fans with large accumulations of coarse conglomerates. A molasse section may be a thousand meters thick. Molasse comprises a clastic sedimentary succession in a post-tectonic environment. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Flysch and molasse both have sedimentatlogical as well as tectonic implications associated with their appearance in an outcrop. Â &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Trumpy at the Geological Institute in Zurich suggested specific localities for collecting and arranged for Dr. Hanspeter and Mr. Freeman to take me into the field on successive days. Later, Mr. Freeman spent several days in order to procure this suite. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A set of kodachrome slides is available and should be used with the specimens to put the rocks into relationships seen in the field. There are 11 slide specimens. All slide specimens were photographed in PPL and XPL.</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="17785">
                  <text>Western Minerals, inc.</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="109">
              <name>References</name>
              <description>A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="17995">
                  <text>&lt;strong&gt;Start Here:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Eynatten, H.V., 2003, Petrology and chemistry of sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin: an archive of the Oligocene to Miocene of the Central Alps: Sedimentology, v.50, p.703-724. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-1309.2003.00571.x"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-1309.2003.00571.x&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Fluvial sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin were analyzed for sandstone framework composition, heavy minerals, whole-rock geochemistry and detrital chrome spinel chemistry to understand its provenance.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional resources:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Schlunegger, F., Matter, A., Burbank, D.W., and Â Klaper, E.M., 1997, Magnetostratigraphic constraints on relationships between evolution of the central Swiss Molasse Basin and Alpine orogenic events: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.109, p.225-241. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)1092.3.CO;2%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)1092.3.CO;2 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Magnetostratigraphic chronologies, together with lithostratigraphic, sedimentological, and petrological data enable detailed reconstruction of the Oligocene to Miocene history of the North Alpine foreland basin in relation to specific orogenic events and exhumation of the Alps.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sinclair, H.D., 1997, Flysch to molasses transition in peripheral foreland basins; the role of the passive margin versus slab breakoff: Geology, v.25, p.1123-1126. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)0252.3.CO;2%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)0252.3.CO;2 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;It is proposed that slab breakoff may have been responsible for the increased sediment supply that resulted in the flysch to molasse transition in the North Alpine foreland basin, and that this provides an alternative to the passive margin model.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Spiegel, C., Siebel, W., Frisch, W., and Berner, Z., 2002, Nd and Sr isotopic ratios and trace element geochemistry of epidote from the Swiss Molasse Basin as provenance indicators; implications for the reconstruction of the echumation history of the Central Alps: Chemical Geology, v.189, p.231-250.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Uses a combination of events to explain the geodynamic scenario of large-scale lateral extension processes affecting the Central Alps in post-collisional times.Â &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Willet, S.D. and Schlunegger, F., 2010, The last phase of deposition in the Swiss Molasse Basin; from foredeep to negative-alpha basin: Basin Research, v.22, p.623-639. &lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00435.x%20"&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00435.x &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Simple analytical theory for the necessary conditions for such a negative-alpha basin to develop and be maintained.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</text>
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              <name>Alternative Title</name>
              <description>An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="17998">
                  <text>Typical turbidite sequence rocks (predominantly clastics with some evidence of carbonate input) </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="115">
              <name>Spatial Coverage</name>
              <description>Spatial characteristics of the resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="18200">
                  <text>Molasse Basin, Sternenberg, Germany</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="116">
              <name>Temporal Coverage</name>
              <description>Temporal characteristics of the resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="18201">
                  <text>In the Late Eocene, the area subsided again and developed into the Molasse Basin. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="117">
              <name>Accrual Method</name>
              <description>The method by which items are added to a collection.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="18202">
                  <text>Purchased by Western Minerals Inc.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="18203">
                  <text>Turbidite sequences and carbonate pulses of deposition in a basin.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="87">
              <name>Abstract</name>
              <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="18204">
                  <text>The collection consists of a variety of shale, sandstones and conglomerates that illustrate sediment trapped in a molasse basin. </text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="18218">
                  <text>Oct. 10, 2013</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="18219">
                  <text>FM 1-11</text>
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      <name>Rock</name>
      <description>A physical material with a mineral composition.</description>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="13739">
                <text>Shale</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="86">
            <name>Alternative Title</name>
            <description>An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="13740">
                <text>Dark Shale</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="13741">
                <text>Shale, foliated, and bearing organic matter, from the interbeds between sandstone layers. Fine grained laminated sands between shales were uncollectible, but present. Friable and fragile. &#13;
&#13;
Thin Section:&#13;
Very fine to fine grain, poorly sorted quartz, feldspar, and pyroxene varying from sub rounded to angular. &#13;
&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="13742">
                <text>Western Minerals, lnc.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="104">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="13743">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/13"&gt;Flysch Molasse Suite&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>FM-9</text>
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          <element elementId="115">
            <name>Spatial Coverage</name>
            <description>Spatial characteristics of the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13745">
                <text>Renggloch, Germany</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="117">
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            <description>The method by which items are added to a collection.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="13746">
                <text>Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc.</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="18286">
                <text>Oct., 11, 2013</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="116">
            <name>Temporal Coverage</name>
            <description>Temporal characteristics of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="18287">
                <text>Mesozoic </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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  <item itemId="1003" public="1" featured="0">
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="20103">
                  <text>ISC Room 145 Drawers</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="17">
      <name>Fossil</name>
      <description/>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="131">
          <name>Number of Items</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="20795">
              <text>&gt;100</text>
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        <elementContainer>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20788">
                <text>82</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="20789">
                <text>Shark teeth</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20790">
                <text>Kingdom: Animalia &lt;br /&gt; Phylum: Chordata &lt;br /&gt; Class: Chondrichthyes &lt;br /&gt; Order: &lt;br /&gt; Family:&lt;br /&gt; Genus: &lt;br /&gt; Species: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
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              <elementText elementTextId="20791">
                <text>Room 145, Drawer 2A</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="116">
            <name>Temporal Coverage</name>
            <description>Temporal characteristics of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20792">
                <text>Miocene, Mississippian</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="115">
            <name>Spatial Coverage</name>
            <description>Spatial characteristics of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20793">
                <text>Venice, Florida and several others</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20794">
                <text>includes megalodon tooth</text>
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  <item itemId="1442" public="1" featured="0">
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Maps</text>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/a31975f90283a2e6df94556929bea2d4.pdf"&gt;BC Rock Suite&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <name>Accrual Method</name>
            <description>The method by which items are added to a collection.</description>
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                <text>Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc.</text>
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