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Title A name given to the resource (FR) Sedimentary and Igneous Franciscan Assemblage Suite -- California Description An account of the resource This 14 sample collection primarily consists of clastic sedimentary rocks with metamorphic and igneous components, representing a Franciscan Assemblage. This assemblage is indicative of a subduction zone along the California coast. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Western Minerals, Inc. - Collection was supervised by Dr. Frederick C. Marshall, Assistant Professor of Geology at Principia College. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Start here: Ernst, W.G., 2015, Franciscan geologic history constrained by tectonic/olistostromal high-grade metamafic blocks in the iconic California Mesozoic-Cenozoic accretionary complex: American Mineralogist, v. 100, p. 6-13.Â <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2015-4850" target="_blank">doi:Â 10.2138/am-2015-4850</a> <ul><li>This source supplies useful information on the low temperature, high pressure environment in which these rocks formed.Â </li> </ul>Additional resources: Barnes, J., Eldam, R., Lee, C.T., Errico, J., Loewy, S., and Cisneros, M., 2013, Petrogenesis of serpentinites from the Franciscan Complex, western California, USA: Lithos, v. 178, p. 143-157.Â <a class="S_C_ddDoi" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2012.12.018" target="_blank">doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2012.12.018</a> <ul><li>Describes the petrogenesis of serpentine as seen in one of the items in the collection (Fr-4).</li> </ul>Cooper, F., Platt, J., and Anczkiewicz, R., 2011, Constraints on early Franciscan subduction rates from 2-D thermal modeling: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 312, p. 69-79. doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.051">10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.051</a> <ul><li>This paper suggests that the rate of subduction in this area may have been five times lower than previous studies have found.</li> </ul>Ghatak, A., Basu, A., and Wakabayashi, J., 2013, Implications of Franciscan Complex graywacke geochemistry for sediment transport, provenance determination, burial-exposure duration, and fluid exchange with cosubducted metabasites: Tectonics, v. 32, p. 1480-1492. doi:Â <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tect.20078">10.1002/tect.20078</a> <ul><li>This article states that the europium anomalies of the greywacke samples suggest provenance from the Sierra Nevada batholith.</li> </ul>Langenheim, V., Jachens, R., Wentworth, C., and McLaughlin, R., 2013, Previously unrecognized regional structure of the Coastal Belt of the Franciscan Complex, northern California, revealed by magnetic data: Geosphere, v. 9, p. 1514-1529. doi:Â <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00942.1">10.1130/GES00942.1</a> <ul><li>Using magnetic data, this article provides an overview of the regional structure of the Franciscan Complex.</li> </ul> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. These specimens were collected across Marin County and the San Francisco Peninsula. Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. The specimens are Mesozoic in age. Rock A physical material with a mineral composition. Number of Thin Sections Number of thin sections associated with this sample 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Graywacke Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Sandstone Description An account of the resource Angular sand size grains, dominated by quartz, have a brown color with a greenish tint. Calcite found on weathered bedding planes after lithification. Slight folding of the bedding planes in one direction. (FOV: 1.28) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Not given Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Western Minerals, Inc. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a href="http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/12">Stratigraphic Suite- Franciscan Rocks, California</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FR-7 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. From summit of pass (White's Hill) just east of Forest Knolls on Sir Francis Drake Highway, Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. Mesozoic Accrual Method The method by which items are added to a collection. 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Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Western Minerals, Inc. - Collection was supervised by Dr. Frederick C. Marshall, Assistant Professor of Geology at Principia College. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Start here: Ernst, W.G., 2015, Franciscan geologic history constrained by tectonic/olistostromal high-grade metamafic blocks in the iconic California Mesozoic-Cenozoic accretionary complex: American Mineralogist, v. 100, p. 6-13.Â <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2015-4850" target="_blank">doi:Â 10.2138/am-2015-4850</a> <ul><li>This source supplies useful information on the low temperature, high pressure environment in which these rocks formed.Â </li> </ul>Additional resources: Barnes, J., Eldam, R., Lee, C.T., Errico, J., Loewy, S., and Cisneros, M., 2013, Petrogenesis of serpentinites from the Franciscan Complex, western California, USA: Lithos, v. 178, p. 143-157.Â <a class="S_C_ddDoi" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2012.12.018" target="_blank">doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2012.12.018</a> <ul><li>Describes the petrogenesis of serpentine as seen in one of the items in the collection (Fr-4).</li> </ul>Cooper, F., Platt, J., and Anczkiewicz, R., 2011, Constraints on early Franciscan subduction rates from 2-D thermal modeling: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 312, p. 69-79. doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.051">10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.051</a> <ul><li>This paper suggests that the rate of subduction in this area may have been five times lower than previous studies have found.</li> </ul>Ghatak, A., Basu, A., and Wakabayashi, J., 2013, Implications of Franciscan Complex graywacke geochemistry for sediment transport, provenance determination, burial-exposure duration, and fluid exchange with cosubducted metabasites: Tectonics, v. 32, p. 1480-1492. doi:Â <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tect.20078">10.1002/tect.20078</a> <ul><li>This article states that the europium anomalies of the greywacke samples suggest provenance from the Sierra Nevada batholith.</li> </ul>Langenheim, V., Jachens, R., Wentworth, C., and McLaughlin, R., 2013, Previously unrecognized regional structure of the Coastal Belt of the Franciscan Complex, northern California, revealed by magnetic data: Geosphere, v. 9, p. 1514-1529. doi:Â <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00942.1">10.1130/GES00942.1</a> <ul><li>Using magnetic data, this article provides an overview of the regional structure of the Franciscan Complex.</li> </ul> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. These specimens were collected across Marin County and the San Francisco Peninsula. Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. The specimens are Mesozoic in age. Rock A physical material with a mineral composition. Number of Thin Sections Number of thin sections associated with this sample 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Diabase Description An account of the resource Holocrystalline, medium grained, anhedral, ophitic, dibastic crystals. Low silica percentage (46.3%) for a Diabase, bordering on ultramafic compostion. Calcite is present on weathered surfaces, but not on fresh surfaces. (FOV: 3.2mm) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Not given Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Western Minerals, Inc. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a href="http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/12">Stratigraphic Suite- Franciscan Rocks, California</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FR-6 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Same as FR-5. Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. Mesozoic Accrual Method The method by which items are added to a collection. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource (FR) Sedimentary and Igneous Franciscan Assemblage Suite -- California Description An account of the resource This 14 sample collection primarily consists of clastic sedimentary rocks with metamorphic and igneous components, representing a Franciscan Assemblage. This assemblage is indicative of a subduction zone along the California coast. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Western Minerals, Inc. - Collection was supervised by Dr. Frederick C. Marshall, Assistant Professor of Geology at Principia College. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Start here: Ernst, W.G., 2015, Franciscan geologic history constrained by tectonic/olistostromal high-grade metamafic blocks in the iconic California Mesozoic-Cenozoic accretionary complex: American Mineralogist, v. 100, p. 6-13.Â <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2015-4850" target="_blank">doi:Â 10.2138/am-2015-4850</a> <ul><li>This source supplies useful information on the low temperature, high pressure environment in which these rocks formed.Â </li> </ul>Additional resources: Barnes, J., Eldam, R., Lee, C.T., Errico, J., Loewy, S., and Cisneros, M., 2013, Petrogenesis of serpentinites from the Franciscan Complex, western California, USA: Lithos, v. 178, p. 143-157.Â <a class="S_C_ddDoi" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2012.12.018" target="_blank">doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2012.12.018</a> <ul><li>Describes the petrogenesis of serpentine as seen in one of the items in the collection (Fr-4).</li> </ul>Cooper, F., Platt, J., and Anczkiewicz, R., 2011, Constraints on early Franciscan subduction rates from 2-D thermal modeling: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 312, p. 69-79. doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.051">10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.051</a> <ul><li>This paper suggests that the rate of subduction in this area may have been five times lower than previous studies have found.</li> </ul>Ghatak, A., Basu, A., and Wakabayashi, J., 2013, Implications of Franciscan Complex graywacke geochemistry for sediment transport, provenance determination, burial-exposure duration, and fluid exchange with cosubducted metabasites: Tectonics, v. 32, p. 1480-1492. doi:Â <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tect.20078">10.1002/tect.20078</a> <ul><li>This article states that the europium anomalies of the greywacke samples suggest provenance from the Sierra Nevada batholith.</li> </ul>Langenheim, V., Jachens, R., Wentworth, C., and McLaughlin, R., 2013, Previously unrecognized regional structure of the Coastal Belt of the Franciscan Complex, northern California, revealed by magnetic data: Geosphere, v. 9, p. 1514-1529. doi:Â <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00942.1">10.1130/GES00942.1</a> <ul><li>Using magnetic data, this article provides an overview of the regional structure of the Franciscan Complex.</li> </ul> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. These specimens were collected across Marin County and the San Francisco Peninsula. Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. The specimens are Mesozoic in age. Rock A physical material with a mineral composition. Number of Thin Sections Number of thin sections associated with this sample 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Graywacke Siltstone Description An account of the resource Angular, silty size gains, composed of equal parts quatz, feldspars and rock fragments. Prominent orange and brown surface oxydation on all samples. Some samples contain evidence of bedding planes. Calicte is found along bedding planes, as well as on some surfaces perpendicular to bedding. Some samples include very fine calcite veins (<0.5mm) intersecting through the bedding planes. (FOV: 1.28) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Not given Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Western Minerals, Inc. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a href="http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/12">Stratigraphic Suite- Franciscan Rocks, California</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FR-5 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Roadcut on south side of Petaluma Pt. Reyes Station road 1/2 mi. upstream (east) from dam which is about 4 miles east of Point Reyes Station. Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. Mesozoic Accrual Method The method by which items are added to a collection. 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Title A name given to the resource (FR) Sedimentary and Igneous Franciscan Assemblage Suite -- California Description An account of the resource This 14 sample collection primarily consists of clastic sedimentary rocks with metamorphic and igneous components, representing a Franciscan Assemblage. This assemblage is indicative of a subduction zone along the California coast. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Western Minerals, Inc. - Collection was supervised by Dr. Frederick C. Marshall, Assistant Professor of Geology at Principia College. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Start here: Ernst, W.G., 2015, Franciscan geologic history constrained by tectonic/olistostromal high-grade metamafic blocks in the iconic California Mesozoic-Cenozoic accretionary complex: American Mineralogist, v. 100, p. 6-13.Â <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2015-4850" target="_blank">doi:Â 10.2138/am-2015-4850</a> <ul><li>This source supplies useful information on the low temperature, high pressure environment in which these rocks formed.Â </li> </ul>Additional resources: Barnes, J., Eldam, R., Lee, C.T., Errico, J., Loewy, S., and Cisneros, M., 2013, Petrogenesis of serpentinites from the Franciscan Complex, western California, USA: Lithos, v. 178, p. 143-157.Â <a class="S_C_ddDoi" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2012.12.018" target="_blank">doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2012.12.018</a> <ul><li>Describes the petrogenesis of serpentine as seen in one of the items in the collection (Fr-4).</li> </ul>Cooper, F., Platt, J., and Anczkiewicz, R., 2011, Constraints on early Franciscan subduction rates from 2-D thermal modeling: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 312, p. 69-79. doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.051">10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.051</a> <ul><li>This paper suggests that the rate of subduction in this area may have been five times lower than previous studies have found.</li> </ul>Ghatak, A., Basu, A., and Wakabayashi, J., 2013, Implications of Franciscan Complex graywacke geochemistry for sediment transport, provenance determination, burial-exposure duration, and fluid exchange with cosubducted metabasites: Tectonics, v. 32, p. 1480-1492. doi:Â <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tect.20078">10.1002/tect.20078</a> <ul><li>This article states that the europium anomalies of the greywacke samples suggest provenance from the Sierra Nevada batholith.</li> </ul>Langenheim, V., Jachens, R., Wentworth, C., and McLaughlin, R., 2013, Previously unrecognized regional structure of the Coastal Belt of the Franciscan Complex, northern California, revealed by magnetic data: Geosphere, v. 9, p. 1514-1529. doi:Â <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00942.1">10.1130/GES00942.1</a> <ul><li>Using magnetic data, this article provides an overview of the regional structure of the Franciscan Complex.</li> </ul> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. These specimens were collected across Marin County and the San Francisco Peninsula. Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. The specimens are Mesozoic in age. Rock A physical material with a mineral composition. Number of Thin Sections Number of thin sections associated with this sample 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Serpentine Description An account of the resource Fresh surfaces are dark blue in color, while weathered surfaces range in shades of green. Asbestos veins intersect throughout the rock, making up ~5% of the crystal mass. (FOV: 1.28) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Not given Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Western Minerals, Inc. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a href="http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/12">Stratigraphic Suite- Franciscan Rocks, California</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FR-4 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Roadcut on east side of Highway 1 (Panoramic highway) 17 miles El of south side of Golden Gate Bridge go along US 101 then turn on state highway 1 to 17 miles, Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. Mesozoic Accrual Method The method by which items are added to a collection. Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc. https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/c5839c77b93a105b81928b2cee605a44.JPG 469b0c9b18f8fef184aeb57bb16c5e9e Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. 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Title A name given to the resource (FR) Sedimentary and Igneous Franciscan Assemblage Suite -- California Description An account of the resource This 14 sample collection primarily consists of clastic sedimentary rocks with metamorphic and igneous components, representing a Franciscan Assemblage. This assemblage is indicative of a subduction zone along the California coast. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Western Minerals, Inc. - Collection was supervised by Dr. Frederick C. Marshall, Assistant Professor of Geology at Principia College. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Start here: Ernst, W.G., 2015, Franciscan geologic history constrained by tectonic/olistostromal high-grade metamafic blocks in the iconic California Mesozoic-Cenozoic accretionary complex: American Mineralogist, v. 100, p. 6-13.Â <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2015-4850" target="_blank">doi:Â 10.2138/am-2015-4850</a> <ul><li>This source supplies useful information on the low temperature, high pressure environment in which these rocks formed.Â </li> </ul>Additional resources: Barnes, J., Eldam, R., Lee, C.T., Errico, J., Loewy, S., and Cisneros, M., 2013, Petrogenesis of serpentinites from the Franciscan Complex, western California, USA: Lithos, v. 178, p. 143-157.Â <a class="S_C_ddDoi" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2012.12.018" target="_blank">doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2012.12.018</a> <ul><li>Describes the petrogenesis of serpentine as seen in one of the items in the collection (Fr-4).</li> </ul>Cooper, F., Platt, J., and Anczkiewicz, R., 2011, Constraints on early Franciscan subduction rates from 2-D thermal modeling: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 312, p. 69-79. doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.051">10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.051</a> <ul><li>This paper suggests that the rate of subduction in this area may have been five times lower than previous studies have found.</li> </ul>Ghatak, A., Basu, A., and Wakabayashi, J., 2013, Implications of Franciscan Complex graywacke geochemistry for sediment transport, provenance determination, burial-exposure duration, and fluid exchange with cosubducted metabasites: Tectonics, v. 32, p. 1480-1492. doi:Â <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tect.20078">10.1002/tect.20078</a> <ul><li>This article states that the europium anomalies of the greywacke samples suggest provenance from the Sierra Nevada batholith.</li> </ul>Langenheim, V., Jachens, R., Wentworth, C., and McLaughlin, R., 2013, Previously unrecognized regional structure of the Coastal Belt of the Franciscan Complex, northern California, revealed by magnetic data: Geosphere, v. 9, p. 1514-1529. doi:Â <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00942.1">10.1130/GES00942.1</a> <ul><li>Using magnetic data, this article provides an overview of the regional structure of the Franciscan Complex.</li> </ul> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. These specimens were collected across Marin County and the San Francisco Peninsula. Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. The specimens are Mesozoic in age. Rock A physical material with a mineral composition. Number of Thin Sections Number of thin sections associated with this sample 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Red Chert Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Jasper Description An account of the resource Red jasper matrix with interescting veins of while quartz. Prominent physcial weathering, brittle areas fall apart to the touch. Several prominent fractures run through the rock, contributing to the weakened structure. Most fresh surfaces are reddish brown while weathered surfaces are brown to orange. (FOV: 0.64mm) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Not given Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Western Minerals, Inc. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a href="http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/12">Stratigraphic Suite- Franciscan Rocks, California</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FR-3 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Roadcut on northwest side of Sausalito road east of US 101 and just north of Golden Gate Bridge. It is the first outcrop northeast of the Fort Barry Road Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. N/A Accrual Method The method by which items are added to a collection. Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc. https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/c6d311d524ad3fca411fb9754abc849e.jpg 6ad237f30edb1ae0362812ab3d37ae2d Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 3270 Height 2189 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 IPTC String date_created:05.10.2013 IPTC Array a:1:{s:12:"date_created";s:10:"05.10.2013";} https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/19621e6a0f4f43646d6411cb5aac32d5.jpg aba39923fd87a22dc3a2af3e333782df Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. 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Width 2560 Height 1920 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/bb5d0570651a8fcf1ce3212537e33d34.JPG b83c0903570d09310f4a5c78287fc0e4 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2560 Height 1920 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource (FR) Sedimentary and Igneous Franciscan Assemblage Suite -- California Description An account of the resource This 14 sample collection primarily consists of clastic sedimentary rocks with metamorphic and igneous components, representing a Franciscan Assemblage. This assemblage is indicative of a subduction zone along the California coast. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Western Minerals, Inc. - Collection was supervised by Dr. Frederick C. Marshall, Assistant Professor of Geology at Principia College. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Start here: Ernst, W.G., 2015, Franciscan geologic history constrained by tectonic/olistostromal high-grade metamafic blocks in the iconic California Mesozoic-Cenozoic accretionary complex: American Mineralogist, v. 100, p. 6-13.Â <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2015-4850" target="_blank">doi:Â 10.2138/am-2015-4850</a> <ul><li>This source supplies useful information on the low temperature, high pressure environment in which these rocks formed.Â </li> </ul>Additional resources: Barnes, J., Eldam, R., Lee, C.T., Errico, J., Loewy, S., and Cisneros, M., 2013, Petrogenesis of serpentinites from the Franciscan Complex, western California, USA: Lithos, v. 178, p. 143-157.Â <a class="S_C_ddDoi" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2012.12.018" target="_blank">doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2012.12.018</a> <ul><li>Describes the petrogenesis of serpentine as seen in one of the items in the collection (Fr-4).</li> </ul>Cooper, F., Platt, J., and Anczkiewicz, R., 2011, Constraints on early Franciscan subduction rates from 2-D thermal modeling: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 312, p. 69-79. doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.051">10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.051</a> <ul><li>This paper suggests that the rate of subduction in this area may have been five times lower than previous studies have found.</li> </ul>Ghatak, A., Basu, A., and Wakabayashi, J., 2013, Implications of Franciscan Complex graywacke geochemistry for sediment transport, provenance determination, burial-exposure duration, and fluid exchange with cosubducted metabasites: Tectonics, v. 32, p. 1480-1492. doi:Â <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tect.20078">10.1002/tect.20078</a> <ul><li>This article states that the europium anomalies of the greywacke samples suggest provenance from the Sierra Nevada batholith.</li> </ul>Langenheim, V., Jachens, R., Wentworth, C., and McLaughlin, R., 2013, Previously unrecognized regional structure of the Coastal Belt of the Franciscan Complex, northern California, revealed by magnetic data: Geosphere, v. 9, p. 1514-1529. doi:Â <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00942.1">10.1130/GES00942.1</a> <ul><li>Using magnetic data, this article provides an overview of the regional structure of the Franciscan Complex.</li> </ul> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. These specimens were collected across Marin County and the San Francisco Peninsula. Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. The specimens are Mesozoic in age. Rock A physical material with a mineral composition. Number of Thin Sections Number of thin sections associated with this sample 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Arkosic Graywacke Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Sandstone Description An account of the resource Grain size is fine sand to silty sand, mostly angular with some rounded crystals. Various shades of surficial weathering with distinct pockets of orange-brown oxydation. Fresh surfaces brown-green in color. Collected from same quarry as sample FR-1. (Thin Section FOV: 1.28mm) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Not given Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Western Minerals, Inc. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a href="http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/12">Stratigraphic Suite- Franciscan Rocks, California</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FR-2 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Collected from another part of the same quarry as specimen FR-1. Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. Mesozoic Accrual Method The method by which items are added to a collection. Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc. https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/14a8f3576af5534d8240a42d938cfb78.jpg 2017f4450bc3e1dd56e3f4b83a4ea2c2 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 3260 Height 2182 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 IPTC String date_created:05.10.2013 IPTC Array a:1:{s:12:"date_created";s:10:"05.10.2013";} https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/ae176f29d14d1adf5fdfa2837527bf03.jpg a2c9772cb2f2f83f58ac81591751d3af Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. 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Width 2560 Height 1920 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/0d53568b450846f757550f01533c1ed7.JPG a12008d4a6c92a90b7462b06ec75939d Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2560 Height 1920 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource (FR) Sedimentary and Igneous Franciscan Assemblage Suite -- California Description An account of the resource This 14 sample collection primarily consists of clastic sedimentary rocks with metamorphic and igneous components, representing a Franciscan Assemblage. This assemblage is indicative of a subduction zone along the California coast. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Western Minerals, Inc. - Collection was supervised by Dr. Frederick C. Marshall, Assistant Professor of Geology at Principia College. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Start here: Ernst, W.G., 2015, Franciscan geologic history constrained by tectonic/olistostromal high-grade metamafic blocks in the iconic California Mesozoic-Cenozoic accretionary complex: American Mineralogist, v. 100, p. 6-13.Â <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2015-4850" target="_blank">doi:Â 10.2138/am-2015-4850</a> <ul><li>This source supplies useful information on the low temperature, high pressure environment in which these rocks formed.Â </li> </ul>Additional resources: Barnes, J., Eldam, R., Lee, C.T., Errico, J., Loewy, S., and Cisneros, M., 2013, Petrogenesis of serpentinites from the Franciscan Complex, western California, USA: Lithos, v. 178, p. 143-157.Â <a class="S_C_ddDoi" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2012.12.018" target="_blank">doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2012.12.018</a> <ul><li>Describes the petrogenesis of serpentine as seen in one of the items in the collection (Fr-4).</li> </ul>Cooper, F., Platt, J., and Anczkiewicz, R., 2011, Constraints on early Franciscan subduction rates from 2-D thermal modeling: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 312, p. 69-79. doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.051">10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.051</a> <ul><li>This paper suggests that the rate of subduction in this area may have been five times lower than previous studies have found.</li> </ul>Ghatak, A., Basu, A., and Wakabayashi, J., 2013, Implications of Franciscan Complex graywacke geochemistry for sediment transport, provenance determination, burial-exposure duration, and fluid exchange with cosubducted metabasites: Tectonics, v. 32, p. 1480-1492. doi:Â <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tect.20078">10.1002/tect.20078</a> <ul><li>This article states that the europium anomalies of the greywacke samples suggest provenance from the Sierra Nevada batholith.</li> </ul>Langenheim, V., Jachens, R., Wentworth, C., and McLaughlin, R., 2013, Previously unrecognized regional structure of the Coastal Belt of the Franciscan Complex, northern California, revealed by magnetic data: Geosphere, v. 9, p. 1514-1529. doi:Â <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00942.1">10.1130/GES00942.1</a> <ul><li>Using magnetic data, this article provides an overview of the regional structure of the Franciscan Complex.</li> </ul> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. These specimens were collected across Marin County and the San Francisco Peninsula. Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. The specimens are Mesozoic in age. Rock A physical material with a mineral composition. Number of Thin Sections Number of thin sections associated with this sample 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Arkosic Graywacke Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Sandstone Description An account of the resource Grain sizes sand to silty sand, rounded and angular with very minor examples of weathering and thin quartz vein present. Collected from the same quarry as FR-2. (FOV: 1.28mm) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Not given Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Western Minerals, Inc. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a href="http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/12">Stratigraphic Suite- Franciscan Rocks, California</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FR-1 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Unsurveyed portion of T 3 S, R 5 W near Brisbane. CPA company quarry 4100 ft. east from "Peak 1314" in the San Bruno mountains. Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. Mesozoic Accrual Method The method by which items are added to a collection. Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc. https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/d4c0efdef5825900fa26e707eba361a8.pdf 4d97c846f36035b1a4991394c95d2007 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource (KBR) Karroo Igneous Complex -- Birds River, South Africa Description An account of the resource The Birds River Complex is a "Bell-Jar" intrusion first described by du Toit in 1905 and then by Ealey and Robey in 1976. One of the best exposed sections across the margin of the complex is on the farm Denwood, in the southwestern corner of the complex. The samples were collected from a mafic intrusion near Denwood farm. These samples from the Karroo Complex were collected from the previously studied section of the complex and neighboring areas. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Dr. Brian Lock, Rhodes University Western Minerals, Inc. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Start Here: Cox, K.G., 1972, The Karroo Volcanic Cycle: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 128, p. 311-336.Â doi: 10.1144/gsjgs. 128.4.0311. <ul><li>The petrogenesis of the Mesozoic igneous rocks of south-Eastern Africa is related to the tectonic event believed to be the initiation of the break up of Gondwanaland. The cycle began with the rise of potassium-rich picritic magma, the source material for rocks of the northern province, Rhodesia. On top of and peripheral to the main magma body, a zone of sodic magma was generated and formed some of the rocks of the north and most southern rocks.</li> </ul> Additional resources: White, R.S., 1992, Magmatism During and After Continental Break-Up, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 68, p. 1-16. doi:Â 10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.068.01.0. <ul><li>Magmatism that goes along with continental break-up is caused primarily by decompression melting of the underlying mantle as it rises up beneath the rift. The amount of melt produced is determined by the asthenospheric mantle temperature and on the rate of rifting.Â </li> </ul>Eales, H.V., and van Robey, J.A., 1976, Differentiation of Tholeiitic Karroo Magma at Birds River, South Africa, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 10. v. 56, p. 101-117. doi:Â 10.1007/BF00375423 <ul><li>Strongly fractionated residue from the partial crystallization of tholeiitic gabbroic magma was emplaced at depth within sediment of the upper part of the Karroo succession. The residue was most likely tapped from a deeper intrusion during cauldron subsidence, but was engulfed by a later intrusion of olivine gabbro on a large scale.</li> </ul> Walker, F., and Poldervaart, A., 1949, Karroo Dolerites of the Union of South Africa, Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 60, p. 591-706. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1949)60[591:KDOTUO]2.0.CO;2 <ul><li>The Karroo dolerites are the result of the intrusive phase of the early Jurassic basalts that built up the Basutoland lava plateau. Most of the dolerites show little differentiation but olivine rich types and acidic veins have been recorded. The magma had an effect on the sedimentary rocks; many of the rocks described as granophyre were found to be transformed siltstone. The dolerites occur as sills and dikes but "bell-jar inclusions" occur (the Bird's River complex is a bell jar shaped inclusion).Â </li> </ul> Eales, H.V., and Booth P.W.K., 1974, The Birds River Gabbro Complex, Dordrecht District, Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, v. 77, p. 1-15. <ul><li>On the gabbros of the Birds River Complex.</li> </ul> Rock A physical material with a mineral composition. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Karroo- Birds River, Western Minerals Supplementary Information Description An account of the resource OCR PDF of supplemental information for Karroo- Bird's River Petrographic Suite Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Western Minerals, inc Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Karroo- Birds River Petrographic Suite Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KBR- Suite Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Karroo- Birds River, South Africa Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 183-179 Ma Jurassic Age https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/0fb8836ed209cebe0ae1e8684317892a.JPG 97ffa4928fdd9153877aeb06dbd1fa8d Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 1936 Height 2592 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource (KBR) Karroo Igneous Complex -- Birds River, South Africa Description An account of the resource The Birds River Complex is a "Bell-Jar" intrusion first described by du Toit in 1905 and then by Ealey and Robey in 1976. One of the best exposed sections across the margin of the complex is on the farm Denwood, in the southwestern corner of the complex. The samples were collected from a mafic intrusion near Denwood farm. These samples from the Karroo Complex were collected from the previously studied section of the complex and neighboring areas. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Dr. Brian Lock, Rhodes University Western Minerals, Inc. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Start Here: Cox, K.G., 1972, The Karroo Volcanic Cycle: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 128, p. 311-336.Â doi: 10.1144/gsjgs. 128.4.0311. <ul><li>The petrogenesis of the Mesozoic igneous rocks of south-Eastern Africa is related to the tectonic event believed to be the initiation of the break up of Gondwanaland. The cycle began with the rise of potassium-rich picritic magma, the source material for rocks of the northern province, Rhodesia. On top of and peripheral to the main magma body, a zone of sodic magma was generated and formed some of the rocks of the north and most southern rocks.</li> </ul> Additional resources: White, R.S., 1992, Magmatism During and After Continental Break-Up, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 68, p. 1-16. doi:Â 10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.068.01.0. <ul><li>Magmatism that goes along with continental break-up is caused primarily by decompression melting of the underlying mantle as it rises up beneath the rift. The amount of melt produced is determined by the asthenospheric mantle temperature and on the rate of rifting.Â </li> </ul>Eales, H.V., and van Robey, J.A., 1976, Differentiation of Tholeiitic Karroo Magma at Birds River, South Africa, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 10. v. 56, p. 101-117. doi:Â 10.1007/BF00375423 <ul><li>Strongly fractionated residue from the partial crystallization of tholeiitic gabbroic magma was emplaced at depth within sediment of the upper part of the Karroo succession. The residue was most likely tapped from a deeper intrusion during cauldron subsidence, but was engulfed by a later intrusion of olivine gabbro on a large scale.</li> </ul> Walker, F., and Poldervaart, A., 1949, Karroo Dolerites of the Union of South Africa, Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 60, p. 591-706. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1949)60[591:KDOTUO]2.0.CO;2 <ul><li>The Karroo dolerites are the result of the intrusive phase of the early Jurassic basalts that built up the Basutoland lava plateau. Most of the dolerites show little differentiation but olivine rich types and acidic veins have been recorded. The magma had an effect on the sedimentary rocks; many of the rocks described as granophyre were found to be transformed siltstone. The dolerites occur as sills and dikes but "bell-jar inclusions" occur (the Bird's River complex is a bell jar shaped inclusion).Â </li> </ul> Eales, H.V., and Booth P.W.K., 1974, The Birds River Gabbro Complex, Dordrecht District, Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, v. 77, p. 1-15. <ul><li>On the gabbros of the Birds River Complex.</li> </ul> Rock A physical material with a mineral composition. Unit Formation or other descriptive rock category Lesotho Formation Number of Thin Sections Number of thin sections associated with this sample 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volcanic Breccia Description An account of the resource This is a volcanic breccia from the farm Murrelfontein adjacent to the contact with the gabbro unit. It includes partially melted glass and tridymite, a high temperature polymorph of quartz, and has a brecciated appearance. The breccia has a allotriomorphic- granular texture and is holocrystalline. Coarse, anhedral, chaotic-looking dark black crystals (3-12mm) are surrounded by slightly lighter colored, smaller anhedral crystals (2 mm -6 mm). There are trace olivine phenocrysts (2 mm). Abstract A summary of the resource. <a href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00375423">Differentiation of tholeiitic Karroo magma at Birds River, South Africa</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource No date given. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Western Minerals, Inc. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/17 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KBR-19 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Karoo- Birds River, Eastern Cape, South Africa Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 183-179 Ma (Jurassic) Accrual Method The method by which items are added to a collection. Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc. https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/356209a117d63c3a8fd3cb0fe20ea6fc.JPG fbfafca04cdb040e391b23de3f217284 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 1936 Height 2592 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 607_Dolerite_1 https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/c513bfd66331a030a430b874ece048f8.JPG 0cf0cedd562c676f0456106cb660df10 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2560 Height 1920 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/5f0d09fb7a4dbd443eea7e2021c4bd54.JPG 652b28d2972f341988ee7f0c76791290 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2560 Height 1920 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource (KBR) Karroo Igneous Complex -- Birds River, South Africa Description An account of the resource The Birds River Complex is a "Bell-Jar" intrusion first described by du Toit in 1905 and then by Ealey and Robey in 1976. One of the best exposed sections across the margin of the complex is on the farm Denwood, in the southwestern corner of the complex. The samples were collected from a mafic intrusion near Denwood farm. These samples from the Karroo Complex were collected from the previously studied section of the complex and neighboring areas. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Dr. Brian Lock, Rhodes University Western Minerals, Inc. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Start Here: Cox, K.G., 1972, The Karroo Volcanic Cycle: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 128, p. 311-336.Â doi: 10.1144/gsjgs. 128.4.0311. <ul><li>The petrogenesis of the Mesozoic igneous rocks of south-Eastern Africa is related to the tectonic event believed to be the initiation of the break up of Gondwanaland. The cycle began with the rise of potassium-rich picritic magma, the source material for rocks of the northern province, Rhodesia. On top of and peripheral to the main magma body, a zone of sodic magma was generated and formed some of the rocks of the north and most southern rocks.</li> </ul> Additional resources: White, R.S., 1992, Magmatism During and After Continental Break-Up, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 68, p. 1-16. doi:Â 10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.068.01.0. <ul><li>Magmatism that goes along with continental break-up is caused primarily by decompression melting of the underlying mantle as it rises up beneath the rift. The amount of melt produced is determined by the asthenospheric mantle temperature and on the rate of rifting.Â </li> </ul>Eales, H.V., and van Robey, J.A., 1976, Differentiation of Tholeiitic Karroo Magma at Birds River, South Africa, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 10. v. 56, p. 101-117. doi:Â 10.1007/BF00375423 <ul><li>Strongly fractionated residue from the partial crystallization of tholeiitic gabbroic magma was emplaced at depth within sediment of the upper part of the Karroo succession. The residue was most likely tapped from a deeper intrusion during cauldron subsidence, but was engulfed by a later intrusion of olivine gabbro on a large scale.</li> </ul> Walker, F., and Poldervaart, A., 1949, Karroo Dolerites of the Union of South Africa, Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 60, p. 591-706. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1949)60[591:KDOTUO]2.0.CO;2 <ul><li>The Karroo dolerites are the result of the intrusive phase of the early Jurassic basalts that built up the Basutoland lava plateau. Most of the dolerites show little differentiation but olivine rich types and acidic veins have been recorded. The magma had an effect on the sedimentary rocks; many of the rocks described as granophyre were found to be transformed siltstone. The dolerites occur as sills and dikes but "bell-jar inclusions" occur (the Bird's River complex is a bell jar shaped inclusion).Â </li> </ul> Eales, H.V., and Booth P.W.K., 1974, The Birds River Gabbro Complex, Dordrecht District, Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, v. 77, p. 1-15. <ul><li>On the gabbros of the Birds River Complex.</li> </ul> Rock A physical material with a mineral composition. Unit Formation or other descriptive rock category Lesotho Formation Number of Thin Sections Number of thin sections associated with this sample 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dolerite Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Diabase or Microgabbro Description An account of the resource This is dolerite from the "Dragon's Back" dyke, from the farm Romance. It is the youngest dolerite body in the area and contains biotite and hornblende. Emplacement of this dolerite took place at a much deeper crustal level than the gabbros. It has an aphanitic- porphyritic texture and is holocrystalline. The groundmass is light gray and subhedral. It contains slightly darker gray fine grained subhedral phenocrysts that comprise 30% of the dolerite. There is pinkish- brown blotchy weathering. The thin sections are shown in plain polarized light and cross polarized light at a magnification of 400x and contains 60% plagioclase, 35% pyroxenes, and 5% opaques. Abstract A summary of the resource. Differentiation of tholeiitic Karroo magma at Birds River, South Africa Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource No date given. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Western Minerals, Inc. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/17 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KBR-18 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Karoo- Birds River, Eastern Cape, South Africa Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 183-179 Ma (Jurassic) Accrual Method The method by which items are added to a collection. Purchased from Western Minerals. Inc. https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/b5a05091c8d8e39586245458ef60b215.JPG 350f1a0044458b0132212244c6b36c48 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 1224 Height 1632 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource (KBR) Karroo Igneous Complex -- Birds River, South Africa Description An account of the resource The Birds River Complex is a "Bell-Jar" intrusion first described by du Toit in 1905 and then by Ealey and Robey in 1976. One of the best exposed sections across the margin of the complex is on the farm Denwood, in the southwestern corner of the complex. The samples were collected from a mafic intrusion near Denwood farm. These samples from the Karroo Complex were collected from the previously studied section of the complex and neighboring areas. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Dr. Brian Lock, Rhodes University Western Minerals, Inc. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Start Here: Cox, K.G., 1972, The Karroo Volcanic Cycle: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 128, p. 311-336.Â doi: 10.1144/gsjgs. 128.4.0311. <ul><li>The petrogenesis of the Mesozoic igneous rocks of south-Eastern Africa is related to the tectonic event believed to be the initiation of the break up of Gondwanaland. The cycle began with the rise of potassium-rich picritic magma, the source material for rocks of the northern province, Rhodesia. On top of and peripheral to the main magma body, a zone of sodic magma was generated and formed some of the rocks of the north and most southern rocks.</li> </ul> Additional resources: White, R.S., 1992, Magmatism During and After Continental Break-Up, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 68, p. 1-16. doi:Â 10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.068.01.0. <ul><li>Magmatism that goes along with continental break-up is caused primarily by decompression melting of the underlying mantle as it rises up beneath the rift. The amount of melt produced is determined by the asthenospheric mantle temperature and on the rate of rifting.Â </li> </ul>Eales, H.V., and van Robey, J.A., 1976, Differentiation of Tholeiitic Karroo Magma at Birds River, South Africa, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 10. v. 56, p. 101-117. doi:Â 10.1007/BF00375423 <ul><li>Strongly fractionated residue from the partial crystallization of tholeiitic gabbroic magma was emplaced at depth within sediment of the upper part of the Karroo succession. The residue was most likely tapped from a deeper intrusion during cauldron subsidence, but was engulfed by a later intrusion of olivine gabbro on a large scale.</li> </ul> Walker, F., and Poldervaart, A., 1949, Karroo Dolerites of the Union of South Africa, Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 60, p. 591-706. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1949)60[591:KDOTUO]2.0.CO;2 <ul><li>The Karroo dolerites are the result of the intrusive phase of the early Jurassic basalts that built up the Basutoland lava plateau. Most of the dolerites show little differentiation but olivine rich types and acidic veins have been recorded. The magma had an effect on the sedimentary rocks; many of the rocks described as granophyre were found to be transformed siltstone. The dolerites occur as sills and dikes but "bell-jar inclusions" occur (the Bird's River complex is a bell jar shaped inclusion).Â </li> </ul> Eales, H.V., and Booth P.W.K., 1974, The Birds River Gabbro Complex, Dordrecht District, Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, v. 77, p. 1-15. <ul><li>On the gabbros of the Birds River Complex.</li> </ul> Rock A physical material with a mineral composition. Unit Formation or other descriptive rock category Lesotho Formation Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Metasomatised Pyroclastics Description An account of the resource The metasomatised pyroclastics are from the farm Thysfontein. They are baked and well indurated. Induration is the hardening of rocks by heat or baking as well as the hardening of sediments by cementation or compaction. The pyroclastics are metesomatised, chemically altered by hydrothermal fluids. It has coarse to medium grained, holocrystalline,and hypidiomorphic-granular texture. There are black subhedral crystals (1 mm- 4 mm). The surface is weathered to be white and yellow. There are 1 mm- 2 mm pock marks of red staining on the fresh surface. Abstract A summary of the resource. <a href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00375423">Differentiation of tholeiitic Karroo magma at Birds River, South Africa</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource No date given. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Western Minerals, Inc. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/17 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KBR-17 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Karoo- Birds River, Eastern Cape, South Africa Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 183-179 Ma (Jurassic) Accrual Method The method by which items are added to a collection. Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc. https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/00cc964ea33ecc8aaeeb667baac662f1.JPG 3aba2712205c54839ca17cf1e74d9b8e Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 1936 Height 2592 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/d1f8611a797ceaf602c4f5970fb31562.JPG 3765dc0f1ae5dbe3767e52613cdd0c0d Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2560 Height 1920 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/ef3a56b4957475c4dd1c6ac4f2fde4f1.JPG 43eada0af6e65e9feb45c5a8ecb2551c Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2560 Height 1920 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource (KBR) Karroo Igneous Complex -- Birds River, South Africa Description An account of the resource The Birds River Complex is a "Bell-Jar" intrusion first described by du Toit in 1905 and then by Ealey and Robey in 1976. One of the best exposed sections across the margin of the complex is on the farm Denwood, in the southwestern corner of the complex. The samples were collected from a mafic intrusion near Denwood farm. These samples from the Karroo Complex were collected from the previously studied section of the complex and neighboring areas. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Dr. Brian Lock, Rhodes University Western Minerals, Inc. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Start Here: Cox, K.G., 1972, The Karroo Volcanic Cycle: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 128, p. 311-336.Â doi: 10.1144/gsjgs. 128.4.0311. <ul><li>The petrogenesis of the Mesozoic igneous rocks of south-Eastern Africa is related to the tectonic event believed to be the initiation of the break up of Gondwanaland. The cycle began with the rise of potassium-rich picritic magma, the source material for rocks of the northern province, Rhodesia. On top of and peripheral to the main magma body, a zone of sodic magma was generated and formed some of the rocks of the north and most southern rocks.</li> </ul> Additional resources: White, R.S., 1992, Magmatism During and After Continental Break-Up, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 68, p. 1-16. doi:Â 10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.068.01.0. <ul><li>Magmatism that goes along with continental break-up is caused primarily by decompression melting of the underlying mantle as it rises up beneath the rift. The amount of melt produced is determined by the asthenospheric mantle temperature and on the rate of rifting.Â </li> </ul>Eales, H.V., and van Robey, J.A., 1976, Differentiation of Tholeiitic Karroo Magma at Birds River, South Africa, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 10. v. 56, p. 101-117. doi:Â 10.1007/BF00375423 <ul><li>Strongly fractionated residue from the partial crystallization of tholeiitic gabbroic magma was emplaced at depth within sediment of the upper part of the Karroo succession. The residue was most likely tapped from a deeper intrusion during cauldron subsidence, but was engulfed by a later intrusion of olivine gabbro on a large scale.</li> </ul> Walker, F., and Poldervaart, A., 1949, Karroo Dolerites of the Union of South Africa, Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 60, p. 591-706. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1949)60[591:KDOTUO]2.0.CO;2 <ul><li>The Karroo dolerites are the result of the intrusive phase of the early Jurassic basalts that built up the Basutoland lava plateau. Most of the dolerites show little differentiation but olivine rich types and acidic veins have been recorded. The magma had an effect on the sedimentary rocks; many of the rocks described as granophyre were found to be transformed siltstone. The dolerites occur as sills and dikes but "bell-jar inclusions" occur (the Bird's River complex is a bell jar shaped inclusion).Â </li> </ul> Eales, H.V., and Booth P.W.K., 1974, The Birds River Gabbro Complex, Dordrecht District, Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, v. 77, p. 1-15. <ul><li>On the gabbros of the Birds River Complex.</li> </ul> Rock A physical material with a mineral composition. Unit Formation or other descriptive rock category Lesotho Formation Number of Thin Sections Number of thin sections associated with this sample 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adinole Description An account of the resource Adinole was collected from the farm Murrelfontein and occurs above a conspicuous dolerite pegmatite. Adinole is a dense rock of mostly quartz and albite formed as the alteration product of contact metamorphism. It is potassium-rich and has hercynite, a mineral that can occur in high-grade metamorphosed iron rich argillaceous sediments. This adinole is a medium grained, holocrystalline, hypidiomorphic-granular texture.There are gray crystals ranging from < 1 mm- 3 mm. It has a dusty red and yellow weathered surface. It has a vein of a very dark aphanitic material.There is a radiating structure present in thin section. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource No date given. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Western Minerals, Inc. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/17 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KBR-16 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Karoo- Birds River, Eastern Cape, South Africa Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 183-179 Ma (Jurassic) Accrual Method The method by which items are added to a collection. Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc. https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/3c723beb276583af6a45c967fbcd494b.JPG 0fcb30cbb9d39a187f2e8b81725326bb Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 1936 Height 2592 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/c6865c6f2789fcf1559ace76977e73c2.JPG 1ba13ad1802fbdc0f11c852fb94c88e0 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2560 Height 1920 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/c02db3bf0793845493c947f696cb69d4.JPG 25c8a27eea2789cc6fe1e11b6f088cb4 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2560 Height 1920 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource (KBR) Karroo Igneous Complex -- Birds River, South Africa Description An account of the resource The Birds River Complex is a "Bell-Jar" intrusion first described by du Toit in 1905 and then by Ealey and Robey in 1976. One of the best exposed sections across the margin of the complex is on the farm Denwood, in the southwestern corner of the complex. The samples were collected from a mafic intrusion near Denwood farm. These samples from the Karroo Complex were collected from the previously studied section of the complex and neighboring areas. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Dr. Brian Lock, Rhodes University Western Minerals, Inc. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Start Here: Cox, K.G., 1972, The Karroo Volcanic Cycle: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 128, p. 311-336.Â doi: 10.1144/gsjgs. 128.4.0311. <ul><li>The petrogenesis of the Mesozoic igneous rocks of south-Eastern Africa is related to the tectonic event believed to be the initiation of the break up of Gondwanaland. The cycle began with the rise of potassium-rich picritic magma, the source material for rocks of the northern province, Rhodesia. On top of and peripheral to the main magma body, a zone of sodic magma was generated and formed some of the rocks of the north and most southern rocks.</li> </ul> Additional resources: White, R.S., 1992, Magmatism During and After Continental Break-Up, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 68, p. 1-16. doi:Â 10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.068.01.0. <ul><li>Magmatism that goes along with continental break-up is caused primarily by decompression melting of the underlying mantle as it rises up beneath the rift. The amount of melt produced is determined by the asthenospheric mantle temperature and on the rate of rifting.Â </li> </ul>Eales, H.V., and van Robey, J.A., 1976, Differentiation of Tholeiitic Karroo Magma at Birds River, South Africa, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 10. v. 56, p. 101-117. doi:Â 10.1007/BF00375423 <ul><li>Strongly fractionated residue from the partial crystallization of tholeiitic gabbroic magma was emplaced at depth within sediment of the upper part of the Karroo succession. The residue was most likely tapped from a deeper intrusion during cauldron subsidence, but was engulfed by a later intrusion of olivine gabbro on a large scale.</li> </ul> Walker, F., and Poldervaart, A., 1949, Karroo Dolerites of the Union of South Africa, Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 60, p. 591-706. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1949)60[591:KDOTUO]2.0.CO;2 <ul><li>The Karroo dolerites are the result of the intrusive phase of the early Jurassic basalts that built up the Basutoland lava plateau. Most of the dolerites show little differentiation but olivine rich types and acidic veins have been recorded. The magma had an effect on the sedimentary rocks; many of the rocks described as granophyre were found to be transformed siltstone. The dolerites occur as sills and dikes but "bell-jar inclusions" occur (the Bird's River complex is a bell jar shaped inclusion).Â </li> </ul> Eales, H.V., and Booth P.W.K., 1974, The Birds River Gabbro Complex, Dordrecht District, Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, v. 77, p. 1-15. <ul><li>On the gabbros of the Birds River Complex.</li> </ul> Rock A physical material with a mineral composition. Unit Formation or other descriptive rock category Lesotho Formation Number of Thin Sections Number of thin sections associated with this sample 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hornfels Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Contact Rock Description An account of the resource This hornfels was collected from a section of contact metamorphism immediately above the dolerite of the formation from the farm Murrelfontein. It has "spots" of quartz, most likely inverted from tridymite spherulites, in a matrix of devitrified glass with mullite and cordierite. It has an aphanitic- porphyritic texture and is holocrystalline. The ground mass is light gray and anhedral, medium-grained dodecahedral brownish gray phenocrysts make up 25% of the hornfel. Some small spots of bright red iron staining (~1 mm) occur. The phenocrysts are opaque in thin section. Thin sections are shown in plain polarized light and cross polarized light at a magnification of 40x. The rock is 70% quartz and 30% opaques. The groundmass is quartz. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource No date given. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Western Minerals, Inc. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/17 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KBR-15 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Karoo- Birds River, Eastern Cape, South Africa Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 183-179 Ma (Jurassic) Accrual Method The method by which items are added to a collection. Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc. https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/53d1f815992734a4b76ede919cacd88e.JPG 2096496c06578594ef52291e36f49180 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 1936 Height 2592 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/b23594b873408797a90ea7286d877aec.JPG 0350be826eb2464e6005c34d46cf379e Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2560 Height 1920 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/32e139a7444e9658275650d3a829e2d9.JPG 23cdee35bae810249aa885cd95d63044 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2560 Height 1920 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource (KBR) Karroo Igneous Complex -- Birds River, South Africa Description An account of the resource The Birds River Complex is a "Bell-Jar" intrusion first described by du Toit in 1905 and then by Ealey and Robey in 1976. One of the best exposed sections across the margin of the complex is on the farm Denwood, in the southwestern corner of the complex. The samples were collected from a mafic intrusion near Denwood farm. These samples from the Karroo Complex were collected from the previously studied section of the complex and neighboring areas. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Dr. Brian Lock, Rhodes University Western Minerals, Inc. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Start Here: Cox, K.G., 1972, The Karroo Volcanic Cycle: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 128, p. 311-336.Â doi: 10.1144/gsjgs. 128.4.0311. <ul><li>The petrogenesis of the Mesozoic igneous rocks of south-Eastern Africa is related to the tectonic event believed to be the initiation of the break up of Gondwanaland. The cycle began with the rise of potassium-rich picritic magma, the source material for rocks of the northern province, Rhodesia. On top of and peripheral to the main magma body, a zone of sodic magma was generated and formed some of the rocks of the north and most southern rocks.</li> </ul> Additional resources: White, R.S., 1992, Magmatism During and After Continental Break-Up, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 68, p. 1-16. doi:Â 10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.068.01.0. <ul><li>Magmatism that goes along with continental break-up is caused primarily by decompression melting of the underlying mantle as it rises up beneath the rift. The amount of melt produced is determined by the asthenospheric mantle temperature and on the rate of rifting.Â </li> </ul>Eales, H.V., and van Robey, J.A., 1976, Differentiation of Tholeiitic Karroo Magma at Birds River, South Africa, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 10. v. 56, p. 101-117. doi:Â 10.1007/BF00375423 <ul><li>Strongly fractionated residue from the partial crystallization of tholeiitic gabbroic magma was emplaced at depth within sediment of the upper part of the Karroo succession. The residue was most likely tapped from a deeper intrusion during cauldron subsidence, but was engulfed by a later intrusion of olivine gabbro on a large scale.</li> </ul> Walker, F., and Poldervaart, A., 1949, Karroo Dolerites of the Union of South Africa, Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 60, p. 591-706. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1949)60[591:KDOTUO]2.0.CO;2 <ul><li>The Karroo dolerites are the result of the intrusive phase of the early Jurassic basalts that built up the Basutoland lava plateau. Most of the dolerites show little differentiation but olivine rich types and acidic veins have been recorded. The magma had an effect on the sedimentary rocks; many of the rocks described as granophyre were found to be transformed siltstone. The dolerites occur as sills and dikes but "bell-jar inclusions" occur (the Bird's River complex is a bell jar shaped inclusion).Â </li> </ul> Eales, H.V., and Booth P.W.K., 1974, The Birds River Gabbro Complex, Dordrecht District, Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, v. 77, p. 1-15. <ul><li>On the gabbros of the Birds River Complex.</li> </ul> Rock A physical material with a mineral composition. Unit Formation or other descriptive rock category Lesotho Formation Number of Thin Sections Number of thin sections associated with this sample 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Porphyroblastic Metasediments Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Hybrid rock Description An account of the resource The porphyroblastic metasediments/hybrid rocks were interpreted by Eales and his co-workers to be metamorphosed "Red Beds" Formation sediments but could be magmatic in origin. The samples illustrate the range in textures; see KBR 12 and KBR 13 to note this range. This sample is medium grained, holocrystalline, and has a hypidiomorphic-granular texture. It has dark gray crystals, ranging from < 1 mm- 3 mm. Dramatic labradorite-like striations cover about half of the rock. Groups of striations are roughly at right angles to one another. The rusty looking weathered surface is more vibrant on this rock (than the other samples). The thin sections shown in plain polarized Light and cross polarized light at 40x magnification. The rock is 60% plagioclase, 40% pyroxenes (mainly enstatite), and <1% opaques. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource No date given. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Western Minerals, Inc. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/17 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KBR-14 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Karoo- Birds River, Eastern Cape, South Africa Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 183-179 Ma (Jurassic) Accrual Method The method by which items are added to a collection. Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc. https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/3ddf7875f40f70ece1c9c634a9066336.JPG 53584456161200752f6ffe1e4f395ae7 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 1936 Height 2592 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/df3eff3740262a42fda3af29a5dae04d.JPG eca507ac6778b838de3c6d5d425bb805 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2560 Height 1920 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/5f5d36ab885ce119e95bba00cdcf0494.JPG fceb5cd38354275960b453180d6aea45 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2560 Height 1920 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource (KBR) Karroo Igneous Complex -- Birds River, South Africa Description An account of the resource The Birds River Complex is a "Bell-Jar" intrusion first described by du Toit in 1905 and then by Ealey and Robey in 1976. One of the best exposed sections across the margin of the complex is on the farm Denwood, in the southwestern corner of the complex. The samples were collected from a mafic intrusion near Denwood farm. These samples from the Karroo Complex were collected from the previously studied section of the complex and neighboring areas. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Dr. Brian Lock, Rhodes University Western Minerals, Inc. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Start Here: Cox, K.G., 1972, The Karroo Volcanic Cycle: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 128, p. 311-336.Â doi: 10.1144/gsjgs. 128.4.0311. <ul><li>The petrogenesis of the Mesozoic igneous rocks of south-Eastern Africa is related to the tectonic event believed to be the initiation of the break up of Gondwanaland. The cycle began with the rise of potassium-rich picritic magma, the source material for rocks of the northern province, Rhodesia. On top of and peripheral to the main magma body, a zone of sodic magma was generated and formed some of the rocks of the north and most southern rocks.</li> </ul> Additional resources: White, R.S., 1992, Magmatism During and After Continental Break-Up, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 68, p. 1-16. doi:Â 10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.068.01.0. <ul><li>Magmatism that goes along with continental break-up is caused primarily by decompression melting of the underlying mantle as it rises up beneath the rift. The amount of melt produced is determined by the asthenospheric mantle temperature and on the rate of rifting.Â </li> </ul>Eales, H.V., and van Robey, J.A., 1976, Differentiation of Tholeiitic Karroo Magma at Birds River, South Africa, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 10. v. 56, p. 101-117. doi:Â 10.1007/BF00375423 <ul><li>Strongly fractionated residue from the partial crystallization of tholeiitic gabbroic magma was emplaced at depth within sediment of the upper part of the Karroo succession. The residue was most likely tapped from a deeper intrusion during cauldron subsidence, but was engulfed by a later intrusion of olivine gabbro on a large scale.</li> </ul> Walker, F., and Poldervaart, A., 1949, Karroo Dolerites of the Union of South Africa, Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 60, p. 591-706. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1949)60[591:KDOTUO]2.0.CO;2 <ul><li>The Karroo dolerites are the result of the intrusive phase of the early Jurassic basalts that built up the Basutoland lava plateau. Most of the dolerites show little differentiation but olivine rich types and acidic veins have been recorded. The magma had an effect on the sedimentary rocks; many of the rocks described as granophyre were found to be transformed siltstone. The dolerites occur as sills and dikes but "bell-jar inclusions" occur (the Bird's River complex is a bell jar shaped inclusion).Â </li> </ul> Eales, H.V., and Booth P.W.K., 1974, The Birds River Gabbro Complex, Dordrecht District, Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, v. 77, p. 1-15. <ul><li>On the gabbros of the Birds River Complex.</li> </ul> Rock A physical material with a mineral composition. Unit Formation or other descriptive rock category Lesotho Formation Number of Thin Sections Number of thin sections associated with this sample 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Porphyroblastic Metasediments Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Hybrid rock Description An account of the resource The porphyroblastic metasediments/hybrid rocks were interpreted by Eales and his co-workers to be metamorphosed "Red Beds" Formation sediments but could be magmatic in origin. The samples illustrate the range in textures; see KBR 12 and KBR 14 to note this range. This sample has an aphanitic- porphyritic texture and is holocrystalline. There is a light gray anhedral ground mass and medium-grained phenocrysts (1 mm- 3 mm).There are fine, snaky veins of reddish material on the fresh surface. Minor euhedral phenocrysts of plagioclase with reaction rims (4 mm). The thin sections shown in plain polarized light and cross polarized light at 40x magnification. The rock is 40% plagioclase, 20% pyroxenes (Enstatite), and 20% opaques. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource No date given. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Western Minerals, Inc. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/17 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KBR-13 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Karoo- Birds River, Eastern Cape, South Africa Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 183-179 Ma (Jurassic) Accrual Method The method by which items are added to a collection. Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc. https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/8d463cb32cb00be93ca968f9321f5213.JPG 507f6592fc7bc9d57d6cb6d8e6450943 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 1936 Height 2592 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/5507cbbdaddd23a2ee8776bd7b8d7dd4.JPG 9fae55d9eb097364748bb2e727c279c5 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2560 Height 1920 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/9c06eca2908f4faf97f86218a98349d2.JPG 9654de4e07da25e6a0610b71930c2e50 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2560 Height 1920 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource (KBR) Karroo Igneous Complex -- Birds River, South Africa Description An account of the resource The Birds River Complex is a "Bell-Jar" intrusion first described by du Toit in 1905 and then by Ealey and Robey in 1976. One of the best exposed sections across the margin of the complex is on the farm Denwood, in the southwestern corner of the complex. The samples were collected from a mafic intrusion near Denwood farm. These samples from the Karroo Complex were collected from the previously studied section of the complex and neighboring areas. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Dr. Brian Lock, Rhodes University Western Minerals, Inc. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Start Here: Cox, K.G., 1972, The Karroo Volcanic Cycle: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 128, p. 311-336.Â doi: 10.1144/gsjgs. 128.4.0311. <ul><li>The petrogenesis of the Mesozoic igneous rocks of south-Eastern Africa is related to the tectonic event believed to be the initiation of the break up of Gondwanaland. The cycle began with the rise of potassium-rich picritic magma, the source material for rocks of the northern province, Rhodesia. On top of and peripheral to the main magma body, a zone of sodic magma was generated and formed some of the rocks of the north and most southern rocks.</li> </ul> Additional resources: White, R.S., 1992, Magmatism During and After Continental Break-Up, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 68, p. 1-16. doi:Â 10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.068.01.0. <ul><li>Magmatism that goes along with continental break-up is caused primarily by decompression melting of the underlying mantle as it rises up beneath the rift. The amount of melt produced is determined by the asthenospheric mantle temperature and on the rate of rifting.Â </li> </ul>Eales, H.V., and van Robey, J.A., 1976, Differentiation of Tholeiitic Karroo Magma at Birds River, South Africa, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 10. v. 56, p. 101-117. doi:Â 10.1007/BF00375423 <ul><li>Strongly fractionated residue from the partial crystallization of tholeiitic gabbroic magma was emplaced at depth within sediment of the upper part of the Karroo succession. The residue was most likely tapped from a deeper intrusion during cauldron subsidence, but was engulfed by a later intrusion of olivine gabbro on a large scale.</li> </ul> Walker, F., and Poldervaart, A., 1949, Karroo Dolerites of the Union of South Africa, Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 60, p. 591-706. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1949)60[591:KDOTUO]2.0.CO;2 <ul><li>The Karroo dolerites are the result of the intrusive phase of the early Jurassic basalts that built up the Basutoland lava plateau. Most of the dolerites show little differentiation but olivine rich types and acidic veins have been recorded. The magma had an effect on the sedimentary rocks; many of the rocks described as granophyre were found to be transformed siltstone. The dolerites occur as sills and dikes but "bell-jar inclusions" occur (the Bird's River complex is a bell jar shaped inclusion).Â </li> </ul> Eales, H.V., and Booth P.W.K., 1974, The Birds River Gabbro Complex, Dordrecht District, Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, v. 77, p. 1-15. <ul><li>On the gabbros of the Birds River Complex.</li> </ul> Rock A physical material with a mineral composition. Unit Formation or other descriptive rock category Lesotho Formation Number of Thin Sections Number of thin sections associated with this sample 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Porphyroblastic Metasediments Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Hybrid rock Description An account of the resource The porphyroblastic metasediments/hybrid rocks were interpreted by Eales and his co-workers to be metamorphosed "Red Beds" Formation sediments but could be magmatic in origin. The samples illustrate the range in textures; see KBR 13 and KBR 14 to note this range. This sample has an aphanitic porphyritic texture. There are unfoliated coarse-grained metasediments (2 mm- 4 mm) and subhedral muscovite phenocrysts (2 mm - 3 mm) as well as red anhedral phenocrysts. There is a rusty-looking weathered surface. In thin section, radiating pyroxenes are clearly visible. Thin sections are shown in plain polarized light and cross polarized light at 40x magnification. The rock is comprised of 70% plagioclase, 22% pyroxene (mainly augite), and 8% opaques. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource No date given. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Western Minerals, Inc. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/17 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KBR-12 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Karoo- Birds River, Eastern Cape, South Africa Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 183-179 Ma (Jurassic) Accrual Method The method by which items are added to a collection. Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc. https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/cc4f0192e7e143d50c93c31ed6e1d1b1.JPG d5ad422b9f6e56e1907dea62c6ca98fc Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 1936 Height 2592 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/79c2c7017fca8143c1cc8bfde00a6268.JPG e71136ed638e11d42fedfc23c8fc0a53 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2560 Height 1920 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/89b5ebbbf52098d0de0ded4d90ea2aca.JPG bca67173ccec78cb3dc47b0c858ce236 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2560 Height 1920 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource (KBR) Karroo Igneous Complex -- Birds River, South Africa Description An account of the resource The Birds River Complex is a "Bell-Jar" intrusion first described by du Toit in 1905 and then by Ealey and Robey in 1976. One of the best exposed sections across the margin of the complex is on the farm Denwood, in the southwestern corner of the complex. The samples were collected from a mafic intrusion near Denwood farm. These samples from the Karroo Complex were collected from the previously studied section of the complex and neighboring areas. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Dr. Brian Lock, Rhodes University Western Minerals, Inc. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Start Here: Cox, K.G., 1972, The Karroo Volcanic Cycle: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 128, p. 311-336.Â doi: 10.1144/gsjgs. 128.4.0311. <ul><li>The petrogenesis of the Mesozoic igneous rocks of south-Eastern Africa is related to the tectonic event believed to be the initiation of the break up of Gondwanaland. The cycle began with the rise of potassium-rich picritic magma, the source material for rocks of the northern province, Rhodesia. On top of and peripheral to the main magma body, a zone of sodic magma was generated and formed some of the rocks of the north and most southern rocks.</li> </ul> Additional resources: White, R.S., 1992, Magmatism During and After Continental Break-Up, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 68, p. 1-16. doi:Â 10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.068.01.0. <ul><li>Magmatism that goes along with continental break-up is caused primarily by decompression melting of the underlying mantle as it rises up beneath the rift. The amount of melt produced is determined by the asthenospheric mantle temperature and on the rate of rifting.Â </li> </ul>Eales, H.V., and van Robey, J.A., 1976, Differentiation of Tholeiitic Karroo Magma at Birds River, South Africa, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 10. v. 56, p. 101-117. doi:Â 10.1007/BF00375423 <ul><li>Strongly fractionated residue from the partial crystallization of tholeiitic gabbroic magma was emplaced at depth within sediment of the upper part of the Karroo succession. The residue was most likely tapped from a deeper intrusion during cauldron subsidence, but was engulfed by a later intrusion of olivine gabbro on a large scale.</li> </ul> Walker, F., and Poldervaart, A., 1949, Karroo Dolerites of the Union of South Africa, Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 60, p. 591-706. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1949)60[591:KDOTUO]2.0.CO;2 <ul><li>The Karroo dolerites are the result of the intrusive phase of the early Jurassic basalts that built up the Basutoland lava plateau. Most of the dolerites show little differentiation but olivine rich types and acidic veins have been recorded. The magma had an effect on the sedimentary rocks; many of the rocks described as granophyre were found to be transformed siltstone. The dolerites occur as sills and dikes but "bell-jar inclusions" occur (the Bird's River complex is a bell jar shaped inclusion).Â </li> </ul> Eales, H.V., and Booth P.W.K., 1974, The Birds River Gabbro Complex, Dordrecht District, Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, v. 77, p. 1-15. <ul><li>On the gabbros of the Birds River Complex.</li> </ul> Rock A physical material with a mineral composition. Unit Formation or other descriptive rock category Lesotho Formation Number of Thin Sections Number of thin sections associated with this sample 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Intersertal Ferrothoeleiite Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Ferrotholeiite Description An account of the resource The intersertal ferrotholeiite samples are highly fractionated and were most likely emplaced before the gabbro of the formation. They have textures associated with rapidly frozen or highly viscous melts. KBR-7 through KBR-10 are also intersertal ferrotholeiites. Intersertal is a texture marked by the occurrence of interstitial glass between laths of feldspar, usually in basalts. It has an aphanitic porphyritic texture and is holocrystalline. It has a consistent dark gray color and contains fine veins of quartz <1mm wide. There are medium grained subhedral plagioclase phenocrysts (2 mm- 5 mm). There is a calcic residue on a heavily oxidized weathered surface. There is a subophitic micro-texture. Radiating pyroxenes are clearly visible in plain polarized light. Thin sections are shown in plain polarized light and cross polarized light at 40x magnification. The rock is comprised of 65% plagioclase, 30% pyroxenes (mainly enstatite), and 5% opaques. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource No date given. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Western Minerals, Inc. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/17 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KBR-11 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Karoo- Birds River, Eastern Cape, South Africa Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 183-179 Ma (Jurassic) Accrual Method The method by which items are added to a collection. Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc. https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/e0207898bb8b8439ff6d746a45b7484b.JPG f8e45e6b94127df6c676a5c15609ba4b Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 1936 Height 2592 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/05eb127f378bc8cacdaca3254a2110b4.JPG 9186a698c2ce2fa5400419b7769709b5 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2560 Height 1920 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/f3c38622dbe9857d7bc3b085a314f60d.JPG c8a5182a9eb7d8e17cec0c848e75e4e5 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2560 Height 1920 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource (KBR) Karroo Igneous Complex -- Birds River, South Africa Description An account of the resource The Birds River Complex is a "Bell-Jar" intrusion first described by du Toit in 1905 and then by Ealey and Robey in 1976. One of the best exposed sections across the margin of the complex is on the farm Denwood, in the southwestern corner of the complex. The samples were collected from a mafic intrusion near Denwood farm. These samples from the Karroo Complex were collected from the previously studied section of the complex and neighboring areas. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Dr. Brian Lock, Rhodes University Western Minerals, Inc. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Start Here: Cox, K.G., 1972, The Karroo Volcanic Cycle: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 128, p. 311-336.Â doi: 10.1144/gsjgs. 128.4.0311. <ul><li>The petrogenesis of the Mesozoic igneous rocks of south-Eastern Africa is related to the tectonic event believed to be the initiation of the break up of Gondwanaland. The cycle began with the rise of potassium-rich picritic magma, the source material for rocks of the northern province, Rhodesia. On top of and peripheral to the main magma body, a zone of sodic magma was generated and formed some of the rocks of the north and most southern rocks.</li> </ul> Additional resources: White, R.S., 1992, Magmatism During and After Continental Break-Up, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 68, p. 1-16. doi:Â 10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.068.01.0. <ul><li>Magmatism that goes along with continental break-up is caused primarily by decompression melting of the underlying mantle as it rises up beneath the rift. The amount of melt produced is determined by the asthenospheric mantle temperature and on the rate of rifting.Â </li> </ul>Eales, H.V., and van Robey, J.A., 1976, Differentiation of Tholeiitic Karroo Magma at Birds River, South Africa, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 10. v. 56, p. 101-117. doi:Â 10.1007/BF00375423 <ul><li>Strongly fractionated residue from the partial crystallization of tholeiitic gabbroic magma was emplaced at depth within sediment of the upper part of the Karroo succession. The residue was most likely tapped from a deeper intrusion during cauldron subsidence, but was engulfed by a later intrusion of olivine gabbro on a large scale.</li> </ul> Walker, F., and Poldervaart, A., 1949, Karroo Dolerites of the Union of South Africa, Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 60, p. 591-706. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1949)60[591:KDOTUO]2.0.CO;2 <ul><li>The Karroo dolerites are the result of the intrusive phase of the early Jurassic basalts that built up the Basutoland lava plateau. Most of the dolerites show little differentiation but olivine rich types and acidic veins have been recorded. The magma had an effect on the sedimentary rocks; many of the rocks described as granophyre were found to be transformed siltstone. The dolerites occur as sills and dikes but "bell-jar inclusions" occur (the Bird's River complex is a bell jar shaped inclusion).Â </li> </ul> Eales, H.V., and Booth P.W.K., 1974, The Birds River Gabbro Complex, Dordrecht District, Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, v. 77, p. 1-15. <ul><li>On the gabbros of the Birds River Complex.</li> </ul> Rock A physical material with a mineral composition. Unit Formation or other descriptive rock category Lesotho Formation Number of Thin Sections Number of thin sections associated with this sample 2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Intersertal Ferrothoeleiite Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Ferrotholeiite Description An account of the resource The intersertal ferrotholeiite samples are highly fractionated and were most likely emplaced before the gabbro of the formation. They have textures associated with rapidly frozen or highly viscous melts. KBR-7 through KBR-9 and KBR 11 are also intersertal ferrotholeiites. Intersertal is a texture marked by the occurrence of interstitial glass between laths of feldspar, usually in basalts. It has an aphanitic- porphyritic texture and is holocrystalline. It has a consistent dark gray color with fine veins of quartz < 1mm wide. There are medium grained subhedral plagioclase phenocrysts (2 mm - 5 mm). There is a calcic residue on a heavily oxidized weathered surface. There is also a subophitic micro-texture. Poikolitic pyroxenes are visible in plain polarized light. Thin sections are shown in plain and cross polarized light at 40x magnification. The rock is comprised of 70% plagioclase, 30% pyroxenes (mainly augite), and <2% opaques. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource No date given. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Western Minerals, Inc. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/17 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KBR-10 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Karoo- Birds River, Eastern Cape, South Africa Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 183-179 Ma (Jurassic) Accrual Method The method by which items are added to a collection. Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc. https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/26dbc34eba719bbb5e5867749aae7741.JPG b1d39af107aeecafdf6a7dd26e1e5323 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 1936 Height 2592 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/0d02f38a34966e2ab1df92281af98510.JPG 8c5b571b4565d18ed44a9d04dc9f9e68 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2560 Height 1920 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/2ec3c73ce671d027122f7455374f280f.jpg dcbd042c01e48ef630c84614e6c5caa1 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2560 Height 1920 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource (KBR) Karroo Igneous Complex -- Birds River, South Africa Description An account of the resource The Birds River Complex is a "Bell-Jar" intrusion first described by du Toit in 1905 and then by Ealey and Robey in 1976. One of the best exposed sections across the margin of the complex is on the farm Denwood, in the southwestern corner of the complex. The samples were collected from a mafic intrusion near Denwood farm. These samples from the Karroo Complex were collected from the previously studied section of the complex and neighboring areas. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Dr. Brian Lock, Rhodes University Western Minerals, Inc. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Start Here: Cox, K.G., 1972, The Karroo Volcanic Cycle: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 128, p. 311-336.Â doi: 10.1144/gsjgs. 128.4.0311. <ul><li>The petrogenesis of the Mesozoic igneous rocks of south-Eastern Africa is related to the tectonic event believed to be the initiation of the break up of Gondwanaland. The cycle began with the rise of potassium-rich picritic magma, the source material for rocks of the northern province, Rhodesia. On top of and peripheral to the main magma body, a zone of sodic magma was generated and formed some of the rocks of the north and most southern rocks.</li> </ul> Additional resources: White, R.S., 1992, Magmatism During and After Continental Break-Up, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 68, p. 1-16. doi:Â 10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.068.01.0. <ul><li>Magmatism that goes along with continental break-up is caused primarily by decompression melting of the underlying mantle as it rises up beneath the rift. The amount of melt produced is determined by the asthenospheric mantle temperature and on the rate of rifting.Â </li> </ul>Eales, H.V., and van Robey, J.A., 1976, Differentiation of Tholeiitic Karroo Magma at Birds River, South Africa, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 10. v. 56, p. 101-117. doi:Â 10.1007/BF00375423 <ul><li>Strongly fractionated residue from the partial crystallization of tholeiitic gabbroic magma was emplaced at depth within sediment of the upper part of the Karroo succession. The residue was most likely tapped from a deeper intrusion during cauldron subsidence, but was engulfed by a later intrusion of olivine gabbro on a large scale.</li> </ul> Walker, F., and Poldervaart, A., 1949, Karroo Dolerites of the Union of South Africa, Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 60, p. 591-706. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1949)60[591:KDOTUO]2.0.CO;2 <ul><li>The Karroo dolerites are the result of the intrusive phase of the early Jurassic basalts that built up the Basutoland lava plateau. Most of the dolerites show little differentiation but olivine rich types and acidic veins have been recorded. The magma had an effect on the sedimentary rocks; many of the rocks described as granophyre were found to be transformed siltstone. The dolerites occur as sills and dikes but "bell-jar inclusions" occur (the Bird's River complex is a bell jar shaped inclusion).Â </li> </ul> Eales, H.V., and Booth P.W.K., 1974, The Birds River Gabbro Complex, Dordrecht District, Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, v. 77, p. 1-15. <ul><li>On the gabbros of the Birds River Complex.</li> </ul> Rock A physical material with a mineral composition. Unit Formation or other descriptive rock category Lesotho Formation Number of Thin Sections Number of thin sections associated with this sample 2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Intersertal Ferrothoeleiite Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Ferrotholeiite Description An account of the resource The intersertal ferrotholeiite samples are highly fractionated and were most likely emplaced before the gabbro of the formation. They have textures associated with rapidly frozen or highly viscous melts. KBR-7, KBR 8, KBR 10, and KBR 11 are also intersertal ferrotholeiites Intersertal is a texture marked by the occurrence of interstitial glass between laths of feldspar, usually in basalts. It has an aphanitic- porphyritic texture and is holocrystalline. It has a consistent dark gray color and fine veins of quartz <1mm wide. There are medium grained subhedral plagioclase phenocrysts (2 mm- 5 mm). There is a calcic residue on a heavily oxidized weathered surface. There is also a subophitic micro-texture. Radiating pyroxenes are clearly visible in plain polarized light. Thin sections are shown in plain and cross polarized light at 40x magnification. The rock is made up of 55% plagioclase, 30% pyroxenes (mainly augite), and 15% opaques. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource No date given. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Western Minerals, Inc. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/17 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KBR-9 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Karoo- Birds River, Eastern Cape, South Africa Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 183-179 Ma (Jurassic) Accrual Method The method by which items are added to a collection. Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc. https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/52e4c1a1ab7be3c6832f23483d162f70.JPG 11cea75f89fff649b49335bade166249 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 1936 Height 2592 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/1b8083cf6414de37417c576681bd9666.JPG 3f50791af4c8c031ac79853bb0913600 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2560 Height 1920 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 https://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/files/original/5fb9611cc9a22bc2dd13c77d9e270ce6.JPG ac1a0bc131c47830fcb52e5950dd61e5 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2560 Height 1920 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource (KBR) Karroo Igneous Complex -- Birds River, South Africa Description An account of the resource The Birds River Complex is a "Bell-Jar" intrusion first described by du Toit in 1905 and then by Ealey and Robey in 1976. One of the best exposed sections across the margin of the complex is on the farm Denwood, in the southwestern corner of the complex. The samples were collected from a mafic intrusion near Denwood farm. These samples from the Karroo Complex were collected from the previously studied section of the complex and neighboring areas. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Dr. Brian Lock, Rhodes University Western Minerals, Inc. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Start Here: Cox, K.G., 1972, The Karroo Volcanic Cycle: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 128, p. 311-336.Â doi: 10.1144/gsjgs. 128.4.0311. <ul><li>The petrogenesis of the Mesozoic igneous rocks of south-Eastern Africa is related to the tectonic event believed to be the initiation of the break up of Gondwanaland. The cycle began with the rise of potassium-rich picritic magma, the source material for rocks of the northern province, Rhodesia. On top of and peripheral to the main magma body, a zone of sodic magma was generated and formed some of the rocks of the north and most southern rocks.</li> </ul> Additional resources: White, R.S., 1992, Magmatism During and After Continental Break-Up, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 68, p. 1-16. doi:Â 10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.068.01.0. <ul><li>Magmatism that goes along with continental break-up is caused primarily by decompression melting of the underlying mantle as it rises up beneath the rift. The amount of melt produced is determined by the asthenospheric mantle temperature and on the rate of rifting.Â </li> </ul>Eales, H.V., and van Robey, J.A., 1976, Differentiation of Tholeiitic Karroo Magma at Birds River, South Africa, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 10. v. 56, p. 101-117. doi:Â 10.1007/BF00375423 <ul><li>Strongly fractionated residue from the partial crystallization of tholeiitic gabbroic magma was emplaced at depth within sediment of the upper part of the Karroo succession. The residue was most likely tapped from a deeper intrusion during cauldron subsidence, but was engulfed by a later intrusion of olivine gabbro on a large scale.</li> </ul> Walker, F., and Poldervaart, A., 1949, Karroo Dolerites of the Union of South Africa, Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 60, p. 591-706. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1949)60[591:KDOTUO]2.0.CO;2 <ul><li>The Karroo dolerites are the result of the intrusive phase of the early Jurassic basalts that built up the Basutoland lava plateau. Most of the dolerites show little differentiation but olivine rich types and acidic veins have been recorded. The magma had an effect on the sedimentary rocks; many of the rocks described as granophyre were found to be transformed siltstone. The dolerites occur as sills and dikes but "bell-jar inclusions" occur (the Bird's River complex is a bell jar shaped inclusion).Â </li> </ul> Eales, H.V., and Booth P.W.K., 1974, The Birds River Gabbro Complex, Dordrecht District, Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, v. 77, p. 1-15. <ul><li>On the gabbros of the Birds River Complex.</li> </ul> Rock A physical material with a mineral composition. Unit Formation or other descriptive rock category Lesotho Formation Number of Thin Sections Number of thin sections associated with this sample 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Intersertal Ferrothoeleiite Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Ferrotholeiite Description An account of the resource The intersertal ferrotholeiite samples are highly fractionated and were most likely emplaced before the gabbro of the formation. They have textures associated with rapidly frozen or highly viscous melts. KBR-7 and KBR-9 through KBR-11 are also intersertal ferrotholeiites. Intersertal is a texture marked by the occurrence of interstitial glass between laths of feldspar, usually in basalts. It has an aphanitic- porphyritic texture and holocrystalline. It has a consistent dark gray color with fine veins of quartz <1 mm wide. There are medium grained subhedral plagioclase phenocrysts (2 mm - 5 mm). There is a calcic residue on a heavily oxidized weathered surface. Radiating pyroxene crystals are clearly visible in plain polarized light. Thin sections are shown in plain and cross polarized light at 40x magnification. The rock is comprised of 55% plagioclase, 15% pyroxene, 12% biotite, 10% opaques, and 8% olivine. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource No date given. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Western Minerals, Inc. Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. http://www.geosciencecollections.milne-library.org/collections/show/17 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KBR-8 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Karoo- Birds River, Eastern Cape, South Africa Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 183-179 Ma (Jurassic) Accrual Method The method by which items are added to a collection. Purchased from Western Minerals, Inc.